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Türkiye’deki Belediyelerin Facebook Kullanımı: Siyasi Parti, Bölge ve Büyüklük Ekseninde Farklılıklar

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 247 - 268, 05.12.2020

Esra Bozkanat

https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.822773
Cited By: 1

Öz

Sosyal ağ siteleri, belediyeler dahil tüm kurumların hedef kitleleri ile iletişim kurma ve etkileşim kurma yöntemlerini değiştirdi. Belediyeler, sosyal medyanın birçok avantajından yararlanarak onu bir ilişki kurma aracı olarak kullanmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki belediyelerin kitlelerle etkileşim kurmak için Facebook sayfalarını nasıl kullandıklarını ve ilişki kurma düzeylerinin siyasi parti, bölge ve büyüklüğe göre nasıl farklılaştığını incelemektedir. Sonuçlar, Türkiye'deki belediyelerin sosyal medyanın sunduğu avantajların yalnızca yarısından yararlandığını ortaya koymaktadır. İstatistiksel analizler, siyasi parti, coğrafi bölge ve belediyelerin büyüklüklerine göre kullanımda önemli bir farklılık olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın en önemli bulgularından biri, belediyelerin katılım stratejilerini ne kadar çok kullanırlarsa Facebook'ta o kadar çok takipçi çekiyor olmalarıdır. Dahası, büyükşehir belediyeleri Facebook sayfalarını yönetme, haber bağlantılarını ve basın açıklamalarını paylaşma konusunda diğer belediyelere göre daha verimlidir. Bulgulara dayanarak çalışma bir Facebook sayfasını yönetmenin önemli ölçüde profesyonel içgörü ve halkla ilişkiler bilgisi gerektirdiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İlişki kurma stratejileri sosyal medya belediye yerel yönetimler Facebook

Kaynakça

  • Agostino, Deborah. 2013. “Using social media to engage citizens: A study of Italian municipalities.” Public Relations Review, 39 (3): 232-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.02.009.
  • Avidar, Ruth. 2017. “Public relations and social businesses: The importance of enhancing engagement.” Public Relations Review, 43 (5): 955-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.03.015.
  • Bachmann, Pavel. 2019. “Citizens´ Engagement on Regional Governments´ Facebook Sites. Empirical Research from the Central Europe.” Conference Hradec Economic Days: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2019-01-001.
  • Bellström, Peter, Monika Magnusson, Sören John Petterson, and Claes Thorén. 2016. “Facebook usage in a local government – a content analysis of page owner posts and user posts.” Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, (10) 4: 548-67 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/TG-12-2015-0061/full/html.
  • Bennett, Lamar Vernon, and Aroon Prasad Manoharan. 2017. “The use of social media policies by US municipalities.” International Journal of Public Administration, 40 (4): 317-28.
  • Bonsón, Enrique, David Perea, and Michaela Bednárová. 2019. “Twitter as a tool for citizen engagement: An empirical study of the Andalusian municipalities.” Government Information Quarterly, 36 (3): 480-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.03.001.
  • Bonsón, Enrique, Sonia Royo, and Melinda Ratkai. 2017. “Facebook practices in Western European municipalities: An empirical analysis of activity and citizens’ engagement.” Administration and Society, 49 (3): 320-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399714544945.
  • del Mar Gálvez-Rodríguez, Maria, Alejandro Sáez-Martín, García-Tabuyo Manuela, and Carmen Caba-Pérez. 2018. “Exploring dialogic strategies in social media for fostering citizens’ interactions with Latin American local governments.” Public Relations Review, 44 (2): 265-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.03.003.
  • Effing, Robin, Jos van Hillegersberg, and Theo W. Huibers. 2013. “Social media participation and local politics: A case study of the Enschede council in the Netherlands.” International Conference on Electronic Participation, September 17-19, 2013, Germany, (pp. 57-68). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org//10.1007/978-3-642-40346-0_6.
  • Ertem-Eray, Tuğçe, and Pınar Aslan. 2018. “Utilization of Social Networking Sites as Relationship Cultivation Tools by Metropolitan Municipalities in Turkey.” The Journal of Communication and Media Studies, 3 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.18848/2470-9247/CGP/v03i01/1-12.
  • Faber, Bram, Tjerk Budding, and Raymond Gradus. 2019. “Keeping in touch with citizens online: Social media usage in Dutch local government.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 1 (8): 1-13.
  • Gesuele, Benedtta. 2016. “Municipalities and Facebook Use: Which Key Drivers? Empirical Evidence from Italian Municipalities.” International Journal of Public Administration, 39 (10): 771-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1034323.
  • Haro-de-Rosario, Arturo, Alejandro Sáez-Martín, and Maria Carmen del Caba-Pérez. 2018. “Using social media to enhance citizen engagement with local government: Twitter or Facebook?” New Media and Society, 20 (1): 29-49 https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816645652.
  • Hill, Laura N., and Candace White. 2000. “Public Relations Practitioners’ Perception Of The World Wide Web As A Communications Tool.” Public Relations Review, 26 (1): 31–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(00)00029-1.
  • Hofmann, Sara, Daniel Beverungen, Michael Räckers, and Jörg Becker. 2013. “What makes local governments' online communications successful? Insights from a multi-method analysis of Facebook.” Government Information Quarterly, 30 (4): 387-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.013.
  • Jiang, Hua, Yi Luo, and Owen Kulemeka. 2016. “Social media engagement as an evaluation barometer: Insights from communication executives.” Public Relations Review, 42 (4): 679-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.12.004.
  • Köksal, Emin, and Anıl Bülent. 2015. “The determinants of broadband access and usage in Turkey: do regions matter?” Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 17 (2): 113-32.
  • Lappas, Georgios, Amalia Triantafillidou, Anastasia Deligiaouri, and Alexandros Kleftodimos. 2017. “Facebook communication strategies and their effectiveness: A case study of Greek local municipal governments.” Proceedings of the 4th Multidisciplinary International Social Networks Conference, July 2017, Bangkok, Thailand, (p. 22). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3092090.3092114.
  • Larsson, Anders. O. 2013. “Bringing it all back home? Social media practices by Swedish municipalities.” European Journal of Communication, 28 (6): 681-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113502277.
  • Levkov, Nikola. 2017. “How Macedonian municipalities are using social media for public communication.” UDC: 352: 004.773.6 / 7.7 (497.7), Annual Of The Faculty Of Economics, 199-211.
  • Lev-On, Azi, and Nili Steinfeld. 2015. “Local engagement online: Municipal Facebook pages as hubs of interaction.” Government Information Quarterly, 32 (3): 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.007.
  • Lidén, Gustav, and Anders O. Larsson. 2016. “From 1.0 to 2.0: Swedish municipalities online.” Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 13 (4): 339-51. https://www.academia.edu/22754556/From_1.0_to_2.0_Swedish_municipalities_online.
  • Mawela, Tendani. 2017. “Exploring the role of social media in the G2C relationship: A South African perspective.” Information Development, 33 (2): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666916639743.
  • Miranda, F. Javier, Antonio Chamorro, and Sergio Rubio. 2018. “The use of Facebook by local authorities: a comparative analysis of the USA, UK, and Spain.” Electronic Government, An International Journal, 14 (2): 200-16. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2018.090927.
  • Oliveira, Gustavo. H. M., and Eric. W. Welch. 2013. “Social media use in local government: Linkage of technology, task, and organizational context.” Government Information Quarterly, 30 (4): 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.019.
  • Peslak, Alan. 2004. “An analysis of regional and demographic differences in United States Internet usage.” First Monday, 9 (3). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v9i3.1124.
  • Silva, Tiago, Antonio Tavares, and Mariana Lameiras. 2019. “Trendy’Cities: Exploring the Adoption of Different Types of Social Media by Portuguese Municipalities.” International Conference on Electronic Participation, September 2-4, 2019, Italy, (pp. 26-34). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-27397-2_3.
  • Solmaz, Başak, and Nur H. Görkemli. 2012. “Büyükşehir Belediyeleri ve Sosyal Medya Kullanımı”. Akdeniz Communication Journal (18): 9–20.
  • Sørum, Hanne. 2018, “Young People’s Views of Municipality Websites: Use, Attitudes, and Perception of Quality.” International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, September 3-5, 2018, Germany, (pp. 86-100). Springer, Cham.
  • Statista, 2019. “Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 2nd quarter 2019 (in millions).” https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/.
  • Statista, 2020. “Distribution of Facebook users worldwide as of January 2020, by age and gender.” https://www.statista.com/statistics/398136/us-facebook-user-age-groups/.
  • Şenyurt, Gökhan. 2016. “The Internet and Social Media in Public Relations Applications of Municipalities: A Case Study on District Municipalities of Konya.” İnif E-Dergi, 1(1): 44-67.
  • Union of Municipalities of Turkey, https://www.tbb.gov.tr/belediyelerimiz/istatistikler/genel-istatistikler/.
  • Uzunoğlu, Ebru, Selin Türkel, and Burcu Y. Akyar. 2017. “Engaging consumers through corporate social responsibility messages on social media: An experimental study.” Public Relations Review, 43 (5): 989-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.03.013.
  • Voorveld, Hilde. A, Guda Van Noort, Daniel G. Muntinga and Fred Bronner. 2018. “Engagement with social media and social media advertising: The differentiating role of platform type.” Journal of Advertising, 47 (1): 38-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.1405754.
  • Waters, Richard. D., Emily Burnett, Anna Lamm, and Jessica Lucas. 2009. “Engaging stakeholders through social networking: How nonprofit organizations are using Facebook.” Public Relations Review, 35 (2): 102-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.01.006.
  • We Are Social. 2019. “Digital In 2019.” https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019.
  • Wright, Donald K., and Michelle D. Hinson. 2008. “How blogs and social media are changing public relations and the way it is practiced.” Public Relations Journal, 2 (2): 1-21. https://prjournal.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/How-Blogs-and-Social-Media.pdf.

Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 247 - 268, 05.12.2020

Esra Bozkanat

https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.822773
Cited By: 1

Öz

Social network sites have changed the ways that all institutions, including municipalities, communicate and engage with their constituents. Also wanting to make use of their many advantages, municipalities use social media as an engagement tool. This study examines how municipalities in Turkey use their Facebook pages to engage with the public and how their engagement differs based on political party, region, and size. The descriptive results reveal that municipalities in Turkey only make use of half of the advantages offered by social media. Statistical analyses indicate there to be a significant difference by political party, geographical region, size of municipalities. One of the more significant findings of the study is that the more municipalities employ engagement strategies, the more followers on Facebook they attract. Moreover, metropolitan municipalities are more efficient at managing their Facebook page, sharing news links and press releases more often than other municipalities. Based on the findings, the study suggests that managing a Facebook page requires greater professional insight and public relations knowledge.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Engagement strategies, social media municipalities local government Facebook

Kaynakça

  • Agostino, Deborah. 2013. “Using social media to engage citizens: A study of Italian municipalities.” Public Relations Review, 39 (3): 232-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.02.009.
  • Avidar, Ruth. 2017. “Public relations and social businesses: The importance of enhancing engagement.” Public Relations Review, 43 (5): 955-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.03.015.
  • Bachmann, Pavel. 2019. “Citizens´ Engagement on Regional Governments´ Facebook Sites. Empirical Research from the Central Europe.” Conference Hradec Economic Days: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2019-01-001.
  • Bellström, Peter, Monika Magnusson, Sören John Petterson, and Claes Thorén. 2016. “Facebook usage in a local government – a content analysis of page owner posts and user posts.” Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, (10) 4: 548-67 https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/TG-12-2015-0061/full/html.
  • Bennett, Lamar Vernon, and Aroon Prasad Manoharan. 2017. “The use of social media policies by US municipalities.” International Journal of Public Administration, 40 (4): 317-28.
  • Bonsón, Enrique, David Perea, and Michaela Bednárová. 2019. “Twitter as a tool for citizen engagement: An empirical study of the Andalusian municipalities.” Government Information Quarterly, 36 (3): 480-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.03.001.
  • Bonsón, Enrique, Sonia Royo, and Melinda Ratkai. 2017. “Facebook practices in Western European municipalities: An empirical analysis of activity and citizens’ engagement.” Administration and Society, 49 (3): 320-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399714544945.
  • del Mar Gálvez-Rodríguez, Maria, Alejandro Sáez-Martín, García-Tabuyo Manuela, and Carmen Caba-Pérez. 2018. “Exploring dialogic strategies in social media for fostering citizens’ interactions with Latin American local governments.” Public Relations Review, 44 (2): 265-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.03.003.
  • Effing, Robin, Jos van Hillegersberg, and Theo W. Huibers. 2013. “Social media participation and local politics: A case study of the Enschede council in the Netherlands.” International Conference on Electronic Participation, September 17-19, 2013, Germany, (pp. 57-68). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org//10.1007/978-3-642-40346-0_6.
  • Ertem-Eray, Tuğçe, and Pınar Aslan. 2018. “Utilization of Social Networking Sites as Relationship Cultivation Tools by Metropolitan Municipalities in Turkey.” The Journal of Communication and Media Studies, 3 (1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.18848/2470-9247/CGP/v03i01/1-12.
  • Faber, Bram, Tjerk Budding, and Raymond Gradus. 2019. “Keeping in touch with citizens online: Social media usage in Dutch local government.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 1 (8): 1-13.
  • Gesuele, Benedtta. 2016. “Municipalities and Facebook Use: Which Key Drivers? Empirical Evidence from Italian Municipalities.” International Journal of Public Administration, 39 (10): 771-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1034323.
  • Haro-de-Rosario, Arturo, Alejandro Sáez-Martín, and Maria Carmen del Caba-Pérez. 2018. “Using social media to enhance citizen engagement with local government: Twitter or Facebook?” New Media and Society, 20 (1): 29-49 https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816645652.
  • Hill, Laura N., and Candace White. 2000. “Public Relations Practitioners’ Perception Of The World Wide Web As A Communications Tool.” Public Relations Review, 26 (1): 31–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(00)00029-1.
  • Hofmann, Sara, Daniel Beverungen, Michael Räckers, and Jörg Becker. 2013. “What makes local governments' online communications successful? Insights from a multi-method analysis of Facebook.” Government Information Quarterly, 30 (4): 387-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.013.
  • Jiang, Hua, Yi Luo, and Owen Kulemeka. 2016. “Social media engagement as an evaluation barometer: Insights from communication executives.” Public Relations Review, 42 (4): 679-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.12.004.
  • Köksal, Emin, and Anıl Bülent. 2015. “The determinants of broadband access and usage in Turkey: do regions matter?” Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 17 (2): 113-32.
  • Lappas, Georgios, Amalia Triantafillidou, Anastasia Deligiaouri, and Alexandros Kleftodimos. 2017. “Facebook communication strategies and their effectiveness: A case study of Greek local municipal governments.” Proceedings of the 4th Multidisciplinary International Social Networks Conference, July 2017, Bangkok, Thailand, (p. 22). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3092090.3092114.
  • Larsson, Anders. O. 2013. “Bringing it all back home? Social media practices by Swedish municipalities.” European Journal of Communication, 28 (6): 681-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113502277.
  • Levkov, Nikola. 2017. “How Macedonian municipalities are using social media for public communication.” UDC: 352: 004.773.6 / 7.7 (497.7), Annual Of The Faculty Of Economics, 199-211.
  • Lev-On, Azi, and Nili Steinfeld. 2015. “Local engagement online: Municipal Facebook pages as hubs of interaction.” Government Information Quarterly, 32 (3): 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.007.
  • Lidén, Gustav, and Anders O. Larsson. 2016. “From 1.0 to 2.0: Swedish municipalities online.” Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 13 (4): 339-51. https://www.academia.edu/22754556/From_1.0_to_2.0_Swedish_municipalities_online.
  • Mawela, Tendani. 2017. “Exploring the role of social media in the G2C relationship: A South African perspective.” Information Development, 33 (2): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666916639743.
  • Miranda, F. Javier, Antonio Chamorro, and Sergio Rubio. 2018. “The use of Facebook by local authorities: a comparative analysis of the USA, UK, and Spain.” Electronic Government, An International Journal, 14 (2): 200-16. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2018.090927.
  • Oliveira, Gustavo. H. M., and Eric. W. Welch. 2013. “Social media use in local government: Linkage of technology, task, and organizational context.” Government Information Quarterly, 30 (4): 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.019.
  • Peslak, Alan. 2004. “An analysis of regional and demographic differences in United States Internet usage.” First Monday, 9 (3). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v9i3.1124.
  • Silva, Tiago, Antonio Tavares, and Mariana Lameiras. 2019. “Trendy’Cities: Exploring the Adoption of Different Types of Social Media by Portuguese Municipalities.” International Conference on Electronic Participation, September 2-4, 2019, Italy, (pp. 26-34). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-27397-2_3.
  • Solmaz, Başak, and Nur H. Görkemli. 2012. “Büyükşehir Belediyeleri ve Sosyal Medya Kullanımı”. Akdeniz Communication Journal (18): 9–20.
  • Sørum, Hanne. 2018, “Young People’s Views of Municipality Websites: Use, Attitudes, and Perception of Quality.” International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, September 3-5, 2018, Germany, (pp. 86-100). Springer, Cham.
  • Statista, 2019. “Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 2nd quarter 2019 (in millions).” https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/.
  • Statista, 2020. “Distribution of Facebook users worldwide as of January 2020, by age and gender.” https://www.statista.com/statistics/398136/us-facebook-user-age-groups/.
  • Şenyurt, Gökhan. 2016. “The Internet and Social Media in Public Relations Applications of Municipalities: A Case Study on District Municipalities of Konya.” İnif E-Dergi, 1(1): 44-67.
  • Union of Municipalities of Turkey, https://www.tbb.gov.tr/belediyelerimiz/istatistikler/genel-istatistikler/.
  • Uzunoğlu, Ebru, Selin Türkel, and Burcu Y. Akyar. 2017. “Engaging consumers through corporate social responsibility messages on social media: An experimental study.” Public Relations Review, 43 (5): 989-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.03.013.
  • Voorveld, Hilde. A, Guda Van Noort, Daniel G. Muntinga and Fred Bronner. 2018. “Engagement with social media and social media advertising: The differentiating role of platform type.” Journal of Advertising, 47 (1): 38-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.1405754.
  • Waters, Richard. D., Emily Burnett, Anna Lamm, and Jessica Lucas. 2009. “Engaging stakeholders through social networking: How nonprofit organizations are using Facebook.” Public Relations Review, 35 (2): 102-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.01.006.
  • We Are Social. 2019. “Digital In 2019.” https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019.
  • Wright, Donald K., and Michelle D. Hinson. 2008. “How blogs and social media are changing public relations and the way it is practiced.” Public Relations Journal, 2 (2): 1-21. https://prjournal.instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/How-Blogs-and-Social-Media.pdf.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Esra Bozkanat 0000-0002-6050-2550

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkanat, E. (2020). Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, 7(2), 247-268. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.822773
AMA Bozkanat E. Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. Aralık 2020;7(2):247-268. doi:10.24955/ilef.822773
Chicago Bozkanat, Esra. “Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 7, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 247-68. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.822773.
EndNote Bozkanat E (01 Aralık 2020) Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 7 2 247–268.
IEEE E. Bozkanat, “Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 247–268, 2020, doi: 10.24955/ilef.822773.
ISNAD Bozkanat, Esra. “Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 7/2 (Aralık 2020), 247-268. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.822773.
JAMA Bozkanat E. Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2020;7:247–268.
MLA Bozkanat, Esra. “Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 247-68, doi:10.24955/ilef.822773.
Vancouver Bozkanat E. Municipal Engagement on Facebook in Turkey: Differences by Political Party, Region, and Size. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2020;7(2):247-68.

Cited By

KIRGIZİSTAN’DA BELEDİYELERİN SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Güncel Pazarlama Yaklaşımları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.54439/gupayad.1270209
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