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Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences

Yıl 2021, , 33 - 68, 29.12.2021

Selin Türkel Ebru Uzunoğlu Pınar Umul Ünsal

https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1037956
Cited By: 1

Öz

This study uncovers existing practices of service-learning (SL) in higher education institutions. This was achieved by an examination of 64 courses in Turkish universities with accessible learning outcomes. The study also incorporates a “best practice” case study, a communication campaign combatting hate speech against refugee children. A comparison was made of general learning outcomes and individual and community outcomes reported by 43 students enrolled in the course in which the campaign was executed. Both text-based learning outcomes and student interview data were subject to semantic network analysis. SL courses in general display a strong emphasis on learning through projects, but the case study results indicated an absence of important outcomes such as engagement and citizenship values. In other respects, these courses not only aimed at significant learning outcomes in cognitive and affective domains, but also at assisting the transfer of necessary communication skills. The study presents insights for development of higher education curricula and implications for further research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

service-learning semantic network analysis learning outcomes student experiences communication campaign

Kaynakça

  • Alsbury, Thomas L., Suzan Kobashigawa, and Mary Ewart. 2020. "Community-Based Learning: An Exploration from Philanthropy to Praxis" In Toward Community-Based Learning, 95-123. Brill Sense. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004424494_002
  • Ban, Hyun-Jeong, and Hak-Seon Kim. 2019. "Semantic Network Analysis of Hotel Package Through the Big Data." Culinary Science & Hospitality Research 25, no. 2: 110-119. https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2019.25.2.014
  • Berman, Sally. 2006. Service Learning: A Guide to Planning, Implementing, and Assessing Student Projects. California: Corwin Press.
  • Bingham, Shereen G., and Patrick T. McNamara. 2008. "The Promise of Public Dialogue In Service-Learning Courses." Reflections 8.1. https://reflectionsjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/V8.N1.Bingham.Shereen.pdf
  • Birdwell, Jonathan, Ralph Scott, and Edward Horley. 2013. "Active Citizenship, Education and Service Learning." Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 8, no. 2: 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746197913483683
  • Bringle, Robert G., and Julie A. Hatcher. 1999. "Reflection in Service Learning: Making Meaning or Experience." Educational Horizons (Spring): 179-185. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/slceeval/23
  • Butin, Dan W. 2003. "Of What Use Is It? Multiple Conceptualizations of Service Learning Within Education." Teachers College Record 105, no. 9: 1674-1692. https://academic.macewan.ca/csl/files/2014/04/Of-What-Use-Is-It_-Multiple-Conceptualizations-of-Service-Learning-Within-Education.pdf
  • Caspersz, Donella, and Doina Olaru. 2017. "The Value of Service-Learning: The Student Perspective." Studies in Higher Education 42, no. 4: 685-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1070818
  • Celio, Christine I., Joseph Durlak, and Allison Dymnicki. 2011. "A Meta-Analysis of The Impact of Service-Learning on Students." Journal of Experiential Education 34, no. 2: 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F105382591103400205
  • Conrad, Daniel, and Diane Hedin. 1982. “The Impact of Experiential Education on Adolescent Development” In Youth Participation and Experiential Education, edited by Daniel Conrad and Diane Hedin, 57-76. New York: The Haworth Press.
  • Counterspeech Facebook. 2020. “Peer to Peer (P2P): Facebook Global Digital Challenge”. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://counterspeech.fb.com/en/initiatives/p2p-facebook-global/
  • Dahan, Gresi Sanje, and Isil Senol. 2012. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Higher Education Institutions: Istanbul Bilgi University Case." American International Journal of Contemporary Research 2, no. 3: 95-103. http://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_3_March_2012/10.pdf
  • Danowski, James A. 1993. "Network Analysis of Message Content." Progress In Communication Sciences 12: 198-221.
  • De Nooy, Wouter, Andrej Mrvar, and Vladimir Batagelj. 2011. Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dewey, John. 1938. Experience and education. New York: Collier Books.
  • do Amaral, João Alberto Arantes. 2019. "Combining Community-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning: A Qualitative Systemic Analysis of The Experiences and Perceptions of Students and Community Partners." Partnerships: A Journal of Service-Learning and Civic Engagement 10, no. 1: 129-145. http://libjournal.uncg.edu/prt/article/viewFile/1733/1306
  • Duffy, Karen G. 1999. Personal Growth and Behavior. McGraw-Hill/Dushkin.
  • Eser, Hamza Bahadır, and Pınar Sarışahin. 2016. "Cinsiyet-Siyasal Katılım İlişkisi: SDÜ Örnek Olayı." Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi 7, no. 15: 38-58. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.252105
  • Eudey, Betsy. 2012. "Civic Engagement, Cyberfeminism, and Online Learning: Activism and Service Learning in Women's and Gender Studies Courses." Feminist Teacher 22, no. 3: 233-250. https://doi.org/10.5406/femteacher.22.3.0233
  • Farago, Pamela, Marissa L. Shuffler, and Eduardo Salas. 2019. "The Design, Delivery, and Evaluation of Crew Resource Management Training." In Crew Resource Management, 251-282. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374946-8.10007-X
  • Gelen, İsmail. 2017. "P21-Program ve Öğretimde 21. Yüzyıl Beceri Çerçeveleri (ABD Uygulamaları)." Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 2: 15-29. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/386403
  • Geoghegan, Will, Conor O'Kane, and Ciara Fitzgerald. 2015. "Technology Transfer Offices as A Nexus Within the Triple Helix: The Progression of the University's Role." International Journal of Technology Management 68, no. 3-4: 255-277. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2015.069660
  • Georgi, Viola B. 2008. "Citizens in The Making: Youth and Citizenship Education in Europe." Child Development Perspectives 2, no. 2: 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00050.x
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Hizmet Ederek Öğrenme Yaklaşımının Değerlendirilmesi: Öğrenme Çıktıları ve Öğrenci Deneyimlerinin Semantik Anlamları

Yıl 2021, , 33 - 68, 29.12.2021

Selin Türkel Ebru Uzunoğlu Pınar Umul Ünsal

https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1037956
Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma, yüksek öğretim kurumlarındaki mevcut hizmet ederek öğrenme uygulamalarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde sunulan ve erişilebilir öğrenme çıktıları bulunan toplam 64 ders incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca mülteci çocuklara yönelik nefret söylemiyle mücadele eden bir iletişim kampanyası, “başarılı uygulama” olarak örnek olay yaklaşımıyla ele alınmıştır. Genel öğrenme çıktıları ile örnek olaya konu olan kampanyanın yürütüldüğü dersi alan 43 öğrencinin ortaya koyduğu bireysel ve toplumsal çıktılar karşılaştırılmıştır. Metin tabanlı öğrenme çıktıları ve öğrenci deneyimlerini içeren görüşme verileri anlamsal ağ analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Hizmet ederek öğrenme dersleri genel olarak proje yoluyla öğrenme üzerinde yoğunlaşmakta, ancak örnek olay incelemesi sonuçlarında yer alan katılım ve vatandaşlık değerleri gibi önemli kazanımları içermemektedir. Öte yandan bu dersler, bilişsel ve duyuşsal alanlarda önemli öğrenme kazanımlarını hedeflemenin yanı sıra gerekli iletişim becerilerinin aktarılmasına da yardımcı olmaktadır. Çalışma, yüksek öğretim müfredatının geliştirilmesine ilişkin içgörüler ve gelecek araştırmalar için çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hizmet ederek öğrenme anlamsal ağ analizi öğrenme çıktıları öğrenci deneyimleri iletişim kampanyası

Kaynakça

  • Alsbury, Thomas L., Suzan Kobashigawa, and Mary Ewart. 2020. "Community-Based Learning: An Exploration from Philanthropy to Praxis" In Toward Community-Based Learning, 95-123. Brill Sense. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004424494_002
  • Ban, Hyun-Jeong, and Hak-Seon Kim. 2019. "Semantic Network Analysis of Hotel Package Through the Big Data." Culinary Science & Hospitality Research 25, no. 2: 110-119. https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2019.25.2.014
  • Berman, Sally. 2006. Service Learning: A Guide to Planning, Implementing, and Assessing Student Projects. California: Corwin Press.
  • Bingham, Shereen G., and Patrick T. McNamara. 2008. "The Promise of Public Dialogue In Service-Learning Courses." Reflections 8.1. https://reflectionsjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/V8.N1.Bingham.Shereen.pdf
  • Birdwell, Jonathan, Ralph Scott, and Edward Horley. 2013. "Active Citizenship, Education and Service Learning." Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 8, no. 2: 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746197913483683
  • Bringle, Robert G., and Julie A. Hatcher. 1999. "Reflection in Service Learning: Making Meaning or Experience." Educational Horizons (Spring): 179-185. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/slceeval/23
  • Butin, Dan W. 2003. "Of What Use Is It? Multiple Conceptualizations of Service Learning Within Education." Teachers College Record 105, no. 9: 1674-1692. https://academic.macewan.ca/csl/files/2014/04/Of-What-Use-Is-It_-Multiple-Conceptualizations-of-Service-Learning-Within-Education.pdf
  • Caspersz, Donella, and Doina Olaru. 2017. "The Value of Service-Learning: The Student Perspective." Studies in Higher Education 42, no. 4: 685-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1070818
  • Celio, Christine I., Joseph Durlak, and Allison Dymnicki. 2011. "A Meta-Analysis of The Impact of Service-Learning on Students." Journal of Experiential Education 34, no. 2: 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F105382591103400205
  • Conrad, Daniel, and Diane Hedin. 1982. “The Impact of Experiential Education on Adolescent Development” In Youth Participation and Experiential Education, edited by Daniel Conrad and Diane Hedin, 57-76. New York: The Haworth Press.
  • Counterspeech Facebook. 2020. “Peer to Peer (P2P): Facebook Global Digital Challenge”. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://counterspeech.fb.com/en/initiatives/p2p-facebook-global/
  • Dahan, Gresi Sanje, and Isil Senol. 2012. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Higher Education Institutions: Istanbul Bilgi University Case." American International Journal of Contemporary Research 2, no. 3: 95-103. http://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_3_March_2012/10.pdf
  • Danowski, James A. 1993. "Network Analysis of Message Content." Progress In Communication Sciences 12: 198-221.
  • De Nooy, Wouter, Andrej Mrvar, and Vladimir Batagelj. 2011. Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dewey, John. 1938. Experience and education. New York: Collier Books.
  • do Amaral, João Alberto Arantes. 2019. "Combining Community-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning: A Qualitative Systemic Analysis of The Experiences and Perceptions of Students and Community Partners." Partnerships: A Journal of Service-Learning and Civic Engagement 10, no. 1: 129-145. http://libjournal.uncg.edu/prt/article/viewFile/1733/1306
  • Duffy, Karen G. 1999. Personal Growth and Behavior. McGraw-Hill/Dushkin.
  • Eser, Hamza Bahadır, and Pınar Sarışahin. 2016. "Cinsiyet-Siyasal Katılım İlişkisi: SDÜ Örnek Olayı." Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi 7, no. 15: 38-58. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.252105
  • Eudey, Betsy. 2012. "Civic Engagement, Cyberfeminism, and Online Learning: Activism and Service Learning in Women's and Gender Studies Courses." Feminist Teacher 22, no. 3: 233-250. https://doi.org/10.5406/femteacher.22.3.0233
  • Farago, Pamela, Marissa L. Shuffler, and Eduardo Salas. 2019. "The Design, Delivery, and Evaluation of Crew Resource Management Training." In Crew Resource Management, 251-282. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374946-8.10007-X
  • Gelen, İsmail. 2017. "P21-Program ve Öğretimde 21. Yüzyıl Beceri Çerçeveleri (ABD Uygulamaları)." Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 2: 15-29. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/386403
  • Geoghegan, Will, Conor O'Kane, and Ciara Fitzgerald. 2015. "Technology Transfer Offices as A Nexus Within the Triple Helix: The Progression of the University's Role." International Journal of Technology Management 68, no. 3-4: 255-277. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2015.069660
  • Georgi, Viola B. 2008. "Citizens in The Making: Youth and Citizenship Education in Europe." Child Development Perspectives 2, no. 2: 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00050.x
  • GİGM. 2018. Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Accessed February 18, 2019. http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik6/gecicikoruma_363_378_4713_icerik
  • Gunning, Sarah K. 2017. "Testing Methods of Promoting Critical Listening Skills in the Service Learning Classroom." In Proceedings of the 35th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3121113.3121222
  • Hamel, Pauline C. 2001. "Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Service Learning, and Advocacy: A Nontraditional Approach to Geriatric Rehabilitation." Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 17, no. 1: 53-70.
  • Hebert, Ali, and Petra Hauf. 2015. "Student Learning Through Service Learning: Effects on Academic Development, Civic Responsibility, Interpersonal Skills and Practical Skills." Active Learning in Higher Education 16, no. 1: 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1469787415573357
  • Held, Fabian P., Chris Roberts, Michele Daly, and Claire Brunero. 2019. "Learning Relationships in Community-Based Service-Learning: A Social Network Analysis." BMC Medical Education 19, no. 1: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1522-1
  • Hess Brown, Paul A. Roodin, Laura. 2001. "Service-Learning in Gerontology: An Out-Of-Classroom Experience." Educational Gerontology 27, no. 1: 89-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/036012701750069067
  • Huff, James L., Carla B. Zoltowski, and William C. Oakes. 2016. "Preparing Engineers for The Workplace Through Service Learning: Perceptions of EPICS Alumni." Journal of Engineering Education 105, no. 1: 43-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20107
  • Jackowski, Mick, and Laurie Gullion. 1998. "Teaching Sport Management Through Service-Learning: An Undergraduate Case Study." Quest 50, no. 3: 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1998.10484284
  • Jia, Xiaokai, Jiyoon Jung, and Anne Ottenbreit-Leftwich. 2018. "Learning Technology Integration from A Service-Learning Project: Connecting Preservice Teachers to Real-World Problems." Journal of Experiential Education 41, no. 3: 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1053825917738269
  • Jones, Susan R., and Kathleen Hill. 2001. "Crossing High Street: Understanding Diversity Through Community Service-Learning." Journal of College Student Development 42, no. 3: 204–216.
  • Khelifa, Benahmed, Hafid Haffaf, Merabti Madjid, and David Llewellyn-Jones. 2009. "Monitoring connectivity in wireless sensor networks." In 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 507-512. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCC.2009.5202236
  • Kirby, Sue, Fabian P. Held, Debra Jones, and David Lyle. 2018. "Growing Health Partnerships in Rural and Remote Communities: What Drives the Joint Efforts of Primary Schools and Universities in Maintaining Service Learning Partnerships?." Primary Health Care Research & Development 19, no. 5: 503-517. https://doi.org/10.1017/S146342361700086X
  • Knobloch, Neil A. 2003. "Is Experiential Learning Authentic?." Journal of Agricultural Education 44, no. 4: 22-34. https://www.jae-online.org/attachments/article/327/44-04-22.pdf
  • Kraiger, Kurt, J. Kevin Ford, and Eduardo Salas. 1993. "Application of Cognitive, Skill-Based, and Affective Theories of Learning Outcomes to New Methods of Training Evaluation." Journal of applied psychology 78, no. 2: 311. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.311
  • Lancelot, William Henry. 1944. Permanent Learning; A Study in Educational Techniques. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Larson, Grant. 2008. "Community Service Learning: What Does It Mean for Social Work Education?" Canadian Social Work Review/Revue Canadienne De Service Social 25, no. 1: 89-96.
  • Liberman, Sofia, and Roberto López Olmedo. 2017. "Psychological Meaning of “Coauthorship” Among Scientists Using the Natural Semantic Networks Technique." Social Epistemology 31, no. 2: 152-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2016.1213329
  • Lichtenstein, Michael J., Linda A. Pruski, Carolyn E. Marshall, Cheryl L. Blalock, Shuko Lee, and Rosemarie Plaetke. 2003. "Sentence Completion to Assess Children's Views About Aging." The Gerontologist 43, no. 6: 839-848. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/43.6.839
  • Lilley, Kathleen, Michelle Barker, and Neil Harris. 2017. "The Global Citizen Conceptualized: Accommodating Ambiguity." Journal of Studies in International Education 21, no. 1: 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1028315316637354
  • Lin, Pearl MC, YongHee Kim, Hanqin Qiu, and Lianping Ren. 2017. "Experiential Learning In Hospitality Education Through A Service-Learning Project." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education 29, no. 2: 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2017.1297716
  • Lopez, Christian E., Zixuan V. Zhao, and Conrad S. Tucker. 2019. "Semantic Network Differences Across Engineering Design Communication Methods." In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, vol. 59179, p. V001T02A030. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2019-97728
  • Lozano, Sergi, Xosé-Pedro Rodríguez, and Alex Arenas. 2014. "Atapuerca: Evolution of Scientific Collaboration in An Emergent Large-Scale Research Infrastructure." Scientometrics 98, no. 2: 1505-1520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1162-x
  • Maloney, S. Margaret, and Kristen Griffith. 2013. "Occupational Therapy Students' Development of Therapeutic Communication Skills During a Service-Learning Experience." Occupational Therapy in Mental Health 29, no. 1: 10-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/0164212X.2013.760288
  • McIntosh, Peggy. 2005. "Gender perspectives on educating for global citizenship." In Educating Citizens for Global Awareness, edited by Nel Noddings, 22-39. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Mukherjee, Mousumi, Sangeeta Pethiya, and Vanthangpui Khobung. 2019. "Introduction to global citizenship education." In Global Citizenship Education: A Handbook for Teachers at Upper Primary Level In India, edited by Sangeeta Pethiya, and Soyhunlo Sebu, 6-10. Bhopal: Regional Institute of Education. http://dspace.jgu.edu.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10739/2665/1/Mukherjee_IntroGlobalCitizenshipEducation.pdf
  • Novak, Julie M., Vern Markey, and Mike Allen. 2007. "Evaluating Cognitive Outcomes of Service Learning in Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis." Communication Research Reports 24, no. 2: 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824090701304881
  • Ohara, Kouzou, Kazumi Saito, Masahiro Kimura, and Hiroshi Motoda. 2019. "Critical Node Identification based on Articulation Point Detection for Uncertain Network." International Journal of Networking and Computing 9, no. 2: 201-216. https://doi.org/10.15803/ijnc.9.2_201
  • Olivares Aguila, Jessica, and Waguih ElMaraghy. 2018. "Structural Complexity and Robustness of Supply Chain Networks Based on Product Architecture." International Journal of Production Research 56, no. 20: 6701-6718. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1489158
  • Oxley, Laura, and Paul Morris. 2013. "Global Citizenship: A Typology for Distinguishing Its Multiple Conceptions." British Journal of Educational Studies 61, no. 3: 301-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2013.798393
  • Perra, Nicola, and Santo Fortunato. 2008. "Spectral Centrality Measures in Complex Networks." Physical Review E 78, no. 3: 036107. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.78.036107
  • Qualters, Donna M. 2010. "Making the Most of Learning Outside the Classroom." New Directions for Teaching and learning 2010, no. 124: 95-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.427
  • R. Richards, Andrew K., Wesley J. Wilson, and Lori Eubank. 2012. "Planning A Service–Learning Program to Benefit Children with Disabilities." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 83, no. 7: 32-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2012.10598810
  • Reeb, Roger N., and Susan F. Folger. 2013. "Community Outcomes of Service Learning." In Research on Service Learning: Conceptual Frameworks and Assessment 2, edited by Patti H. Clayton, Robert G. Bringle, and Julie A. Hatcher, 389-418. Virginia: Stylus Publishing.
  • Roberts, Jay W. 2015. Experiential Education in the College Context: What It Is, How It Works, And Why It Matters. Routledge.
  • Roodin, Paul, Laura Hess Brown, and Dorothy Shedlock. 2013. "Intergenerational Service-Learning: A Review of Recent Literature and Directions for the Future." Gerontology & Geriatrics Education 34, no. 1: 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2012.755624
  • Schattle, Hans. 2009. "Global Citizenship in Theory and Practice." In The Handbook of Practice and Research in Study Abroad: Higher Education and the Quest for Global Citizenship, edited by Ross Lewin, 3-20. New York: Routledge.
  • Schultz, Friederike, Jan Kleinnijenhuis, Dirk Oegema, Sonja Utz, and Wouter Van Atteveldt. 2012. "Strategic Framing in the BP Crisis: A Semantic Network Analysis of Associative Frames." Public Relations Review 38, no. 1: 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.08.003
  • Schultz, Steven. 1999. “Where's the Learning in Service-Learning?” Review of Where's the Learning in Service-Learning?, by Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles, Jr., Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning 6, no. 1: 142-143. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3239521.0006.115
  • Schulz, Bernd. 2008. "The Importance of Soft Skills: Education Beyond Academic Knowledge." NAWA Journal of Language and Communication, June 2008: 146-154. http://ir.nust.na/bitstream/10628/39/1/The%20Importance%20of%20Soft%20%20Skills-Education%20beyond%20academic%20knowledge.pdf
  • Shahzadi, Naseem, and Adil Shaheen. 2011. "Semantic Network Based Semantic Search of Religious Repository." International Journal of Computer Applications 36, no. 9: 1-5. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.734.8385&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Shellman, Stephen M., and Kürşad Turan. 2006. "Do Simulations Enhance Student Learning? An Empirical Evaluation of An IR Simulation." Journal of Political Science Education 2, no. 1: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512160500484168
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  • Smart, Paul R., Winston Sieck, Katia Sycara, and Nigel R. Shadbolt. 2010. "Semantic Networks and Shared Understanding: A Network-Based Approach to Representing and Visualizing Shared Understanding". 4th Annual Conference of the International Technology Alliance (ACITA'10), London, United Kingdom. 13 - 15 Sep 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/271452/1/Semantic_Networksv3.pdf
  • Soukup, Paul A. 1999. "Service-learning in Communication: Why." Voices of Strong Democracy: Concepts and Models for Service-Learning in Communication Studies: 7-12. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.839.8724&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=22
  • Steinberg, Kathryn S., Robert G. Bringle, and Lisa E. McGuire. 2013. "Attributes of High-Quality Research on Service Learning." In Research on Service Learning: Conceptual Frameworks and Assessment 2, edited by Patti H. Clayton, Robert G. Bringle, and Julie A. Hatcher, 27-53. Virginia: Stylus Publishing.
  • Stimson, Rufus Whittaker. 1919. Vocational agricultural education by home projects. Macmillan.
  • Swords, Alicia C. S., and Richard Kiely. 2010. "Beyond Pedagogy: Service Learning as Movement Building in Higher Education." Journal of Community Practice 18, no. 2-3: 148-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2010.487253
  • Tucker, Mary L., and Anne M. McCarthy. 2001. "Presentation Self-Efficacy: Increasing Communication Skills Through Service-Learning." Journal of Managerial Issues 13, no. 2: 227-244. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604346
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  • Valdes-Vasquez, Rodolfo, India Luxton, and Mehmet E. Ozbek. 2020. “Understanding the Learning Impacts of a Short-Term Study Abroad by Using a Mixed-Method Approach.” 14th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, March 2020. http://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.0376
  • Valente, Thomas W., Kathryn Coronges, Cynthia Lakon, and Elizabeth Costenbader. 2008. "How Correlated Are Network Centrality Measures?." Connections (Toronto, Ont.) 28, no. 1: 16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875682/
  • Wang, Ying, and Ebru Genç. 2019. "Path to Effective Mobile Advertising in Asian Markets." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 31, no. 1: 55-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-06-2017-0112
  • We Are Social. (2020). “Digital 2020 – Global Digital Overview”. Accessed February 2, 2021. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020
  • Wey, Tina W., and Daniel T. Blumstein. 2010. "Social Cohesion in Yellow-Bellied Marmots Is Established Through Age and Kin Structuring." Animal Behaviour 79, no. 6: 1343-1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.03.008
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Selin Türkel 0000-0002-6590-5607

Ebru Uzunoğlu 0000-0002-9715-8415

Pınar Umul Ünsal 0000-0001-6350-6824

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Türkel, S., Uzunoğlu, E., & Umul Ünsal, P. (2021). Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi(2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset), 33-68. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1037956
AMA Türkel S, Uzunoğlu E, Umul Ünsal P. Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. Aralık 2021;(2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset):33-68. doi:10.24955/ilef.1037956
Chicago Türkel, Selin, Ebru Uzunoğlu, ve Pınar Umul Ünsal. “Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, sy. 2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset (Aralık 2021): 33-68. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1037956.
EndNote Türkel S, Uzunoğlu E, Umul Ünsal P (01 Aralık 2021) Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset 33–68.
IEEE S. Türkel, E. Uzunoğlu, ve P. Umul Ünsal, “Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, sy. 2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset, ss. 33–68, Aralık 2021, doi: 10.24955/ilef.1037956.
ISNAD Türkel, Selin vd. “Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset (Aralık 2021), 33-68. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1037956.
JAMA Türkel S, Uzunoğlu E, Umul Ünsal P. Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2021;:33–68.
MLA Türkel, Selin vd. “Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, sy. 2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset, 2021, ss. 33-68, doi:10.24955/ilef.1037956.
Vancouver Türkel S, Uzunoğlu E, Umul Ünsal P. Assessing Service-Learning Approach: Semantic Meanings of Learning Outcomes and Student Experiences. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2021(2021 Özel Sayı: 2. Uluslararası Dijital Çağda İletişim Sempozyumu, Süreklilikler ve Kesintiler: Kültürler, Pazarlar ve Siyaset):33-68.

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