Cultural Opening, Omnivore and the Decline of the Highbrow: A Comparison of Turkey and Europe
Abstract
There is a growing literature suggesting that the classifications in arts and culture are
transforming. ‘Cultural opening’ thesis suggests that the boundaries of established arts are
becoming more permeable; allowing the emerging art/culture forms to take their place in the
higher ranks. In line with this thesis, a number of researchers point out the rise of culturally
‘omnivore’ evaluative repertories. Drawing on the analysis of a data set (N=13,161) comprised
of the cultural coverage of major newspapers from six European countries from 1960 to 2010,
this research questions: How are art and culture news distributed in terms of their field? Is there
a gradual change with respect to the journalistic attention paid to established vs. emergent
fields? Can we identify a change within the genre hierarchy operating in a given cultural form
(i.e. classical music vs. pop music)? The findings suggest that in the European context, cultural
omnivore thesis has more explanatory power than the cultural opening thesis. Compared to
Europe, cultural journalism in Turkey seems to pay more attention to the emerging fields and
popular forms. Conclusion section discusses whether this attention could be considered as a
sign of an opening or omnivorousness.
Keywords
Kaynakça
- 1 Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984); Paul Dimaggio, “Classification in Art,” American Sociological Review 52 (1987); Jean-Pascal Daloz, The Sociology of Elite Distinction: From Theoretical to Comparative Perspectives (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2010); Michèle Lamont, “Toward a Comparative Sociology of Valuation and Evaluation,” Annual Review of Sociology 38 (2012).
- 2 Özgür Arun, “İnce zevkler-olağan beğeniler: Çağdaş Türkiye’de kültürel eşitsizliğin yansımaları,” Cogito–Pierre Bourdieu Özel Sayısı 76 (2014); Irmak Karademir-Hazır, “How bodies are classed: An analysis of clothing and bodily tastes in Turkey,” Poetics 44 (2014); Bruce Rankin, Murat Ergin ve Fatoş Gökşen. “A cultural map of Turkey,” Cultural Sociology 8 (2014).
- 3 Paul Dimaggio ve Toqir Mukhtar, “Arts participation as cultural capital in the United States, 1982–2002: Signs of decline?,” Poetics 32 (2004).
- 4 Mads Meier Jaeger ve Tally Katz-Gerro, “The Rise Of The Eclectic Cultural Consumer In Denmark, 1964-2004,” Sociological Quarterly 51 (2010); J. L. Sintas, “Omnivores Show up Again: The Segmentation of Cultural Consumers in Spanish Social Space,” European Sociological Review 18 (2002); Richard A. Peterson, “Understanding audience segmentation: From elite and mass to omnivore and univore,” Poetics 21 (1992); Richard A. Peterson ve Roger M. Kern, “Changing Highbrow Taste: From Snob to Omnivore,” American Sociological Review 61 (1996); Henk Roose, Koen Van Eijck ve John Lievens, “Culture of distinction or culture of openness? Using a social space approach to analyze the social structuring of lifestyles,” Poetics 40 (2012); Mike Savage ve Modesto Gayo Cal, “Unravelling the omnivore: A field analysis of contemporary musical taste in the United Kingdom,” Poetics 39 (2011).
- 5 Robert M Fishman ve Omar Lizardo, “How Macro-Historical Change Shapes Cultural Taste,” American Sociological Review 78 (2013); Susanne Janssen, “Fashion reporting in cross- national perspective 1955–2005,” Poetics 34 (2006); Susanne Janssen ve Giselinde Kuipers ve Marc Verboord, “Cultural globalization and arts journalism: The international orientation of arts and culture coverage in Dutch, French, German, and the U.S. newspapers, 1955 to 2005,” American Sociological Review 73 (2008).
- 6 DiMaggio, “Classification,”.
- 7 Bourdieu, “Distinction,”.
- 8 DiMaggio ve Mukhtar, “Arts participation,”.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
-
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
İrmak Karademir Hazır
Oxford Brookes Üniversitesi
United Kingdom
Semi Purhonen
Tampere Üniversitesi
Finland
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Mayıs 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi
2 Ağustos 2017
Kabul Tarihi
13 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 1970 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1
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