Araştırma Makalesi

Avrupa Medyasında Suriyeli ve Ukraynalı Mültecilerin Görsel Anlatıları

Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2 5 Aralık 2025
PDF İndir
EN TR

Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media

Abstract

This study examines how major European online news outlets visually represent Syrian and Ukrainian refugees, offering a comparative analysis of the visual narratives that accompany coverage of two recent mass-displacement events. While previous research has documented textual double standards in media framing, far less attention has been paid to the role of images in shaping public perception. Photographs, often assumed to be denotative and objective, in fact carry powerful connotative meanings that can reinforce or contest prevailing discourses. The dataset consists of 200 lead images (100 per case) published between August and December 2015 for Syrian refugees and between February and July 2022 for Ukrainian refugees, drawn from leading online outlets in the UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. Using MAXQDA, images were qualitatively coded under three themes: (1) the representation gap (actual vs. illustrative images, scene composition, and identifying information); (2) framing and composition (photographic perspective, subject composition, and the presence and role of non- refugees); and (3) embodied displacement (expressions, bodily positions, spatial environments, and surrounding objects). Qualitative frequency tables and code- clouds support comparative interpretation. The findings reveal sharply divergent visual narratives. Syrian refugees are predominantly portrayed through distant, chaotic, and depersonalized imagery-anonymous masses, men-only groups, scenes of struggle, barbed wire, and survival objects-resulting in a dehumanizing and threatening visual frame. Ukrainian refugees, by contrast, are more often depicted as identifiable individuals or families, in orderly environments, with supportive officials, personal belongings, toys, and pets-producing a narrative of familiarity, proximity, and legitimacy.These visual asymmetries demonstrate that photographs do not merely illustrate news but actively construct hierarchies of deservingness. The study underlines the need for closer scholarly attention to visual media, particularly in an era where images are central to shaping public understanding of forced migration.

Keywords

Etik Beyan

The preliminary findings of this research were presented and discussed at the XX. ISA World Congress of Sociology in June 2023. The abstract was published in the Conference Abstract Book.

Kaynakça

  1. Amores, Javier J. and Carlos Arcila. 2019. “Deconstructing the Symbolic Visual Frames of Refugees and Migrants in the Main Western European Media.” In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 911-919. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3362789.3362896.
  2. Amores, Javier J, Carlos Arcila-Calderón and Beatriz González-de-Garay. 2020. “The Gendered Representation of Refugees Using Visual Frames in the Main Western European Media.” Gender Issues 37 (4): 291-314. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12147-020-09248-1
  3. Banks, James. 2012. “Unmasking Deviance: The Visual Construction of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in English National Newspapers.” Critical Criminology 20 (3): 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-011-9144-x.
  4. Barthes, Roland. 1977. Image, Music, Text. Translated by Stephen Heath. London: Fontana Press.
  5. Berger, John. 1972. Ways of Seeing. Penguin Books.
  6. Bleiker, Roland, David Campbell, Emma Hutchison and Xzarina Nicholson. 2013. “The Visual Dehumanisation of Refugees.” Australian Journal of Political Science 48 (4): 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2013.84 0769.
  7. Debord, Guy. 2021. The Society of the Spectacle. Translated and edited by Ron Adams. Cambridge: Unredacted Word.
  8. Ellison, Sarah and Travis M. Andrews. 2022. “‘They Seem So Like Us’: In Depicting Ukraine’s Plight, Some in Media Use Offensive Comparisons.” The Washington Post, February 27, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost. com/media/2022/02/27/media-ukraine-offensive-comparisons/.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İnternet Yayıncılığı , İletişim Sosyolojisi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

5 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

12 Mart 2025

Kabul Tarihi

10 Kasım 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 1970 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Alioğlu, Ö. (2025). Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, 12(2), 297-341. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1656035
AMA
1.Alioğlu Ö. Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2025;12(2):297-341. doi:10.24955/ilef.1656035
Chicago
Alioğlu, Özlem. 2025. “Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 12 (2): 297-341. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1656035.
EndNote
Alioğlu Ö (01 Aralık 2025) Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 12 2 297–341.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Alioğlu, “Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, c. 12, sy 2, ss. 297–341, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.24955/ilef.1656035.
ISNAD
Alioğlu, Özlem. “Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 12/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 297-341. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1656035.
JAMA
1.Alioğlu Ö. Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2025;12:297–341.
MLA
Alioğlu, Özlem. “Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, c. 12, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 297-41, doi:10.24955/ilef.1656035.
Vancouver
1.Özlem Alioğlu. Visual Narratives of Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees on European Media. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;12(2):297-341. doi:10.24955/ilef.1656035