Research Article

From a Cartesian Perspective to an Artificial-Intelligence Aufhebung: The Algorithmic Way of Seeing

Volume: 12 Number: 2 December 5, 2025
EN TR

From a Cartesian Perspective to an Artificial-Intelligence Aufhebung: The Algorithmic Way of Seeing

Abstract

Images are created within the context of particular ways of seeing, and we interpret these images through particular ways of seeing as well. In this article, I examine the historical transformation of ways of seeing from a critical standpoint and aim to explore the epistemological, aesthetic, and cultural dimensions of the artificial- intelligence-based concept of the “algorithmic way of seeing.” I first argue that it is necessary to adopt the concept of the “algorithmic way of seeing” over “machine way of seeing” for a proper discussion of the subject. I then attempt to orient this concept in the present moment by taking the literature on ways of seeing as a compass. I argue that visual practices that changed with the Cartesian perspective and were transformed with the photographic perspective have entered a renewed, though not entirely new, phase today with the artificial-intelligence dispositif. In this context, I extend into the algorithmic domain three dimensions that I identify as fundamental to the Cartesian way of seeing: the objectification of the subjective, the separation between observer and observed, and the fragmentation of the visual world / heterotopia. Through a discussion grounded in the literature of painting, photography, and artificial-intelligence art, I aim to show how the act of seeing sometimes remains unchanged over time but sometimes also experiences turning points. Focusing on Refik Anadol’s work Renaissance Dreams (2023) from the art world, I attempt to explore the “boundaries” of this field. This three-category inquiry shows that the algorithmic way of seeing continues its dialectic with the Cartesian perspective and photography within a relation of Aufhebung; in other words, it both contains them and surpasses them through transformation.

Keywords

References

  1. Anadol, Refik. 2021. Sanatın Dönüşümü: Refik Anadol. Düzenleyen Ahmet Ertuğrul Toğay ve Damla Yiğit. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=4j09jfe51-k.
  2. Anadol, Refik. 2023. Information. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2025. https://refikanadol. com/information/.
  3. Anadol, Refik. 2025. Refik Anadol. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ekim 2025. https:// refikanadol.com/refik-anadol/.
  4. Artun, Ali. 2013. “Sunuş.” Modern Hayatın Ressamı içinde, yazan Charles Baudelaire. Çeviren Ali Berktay. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  5. Azar, Mitra, Geoff Cox ve Leonardo Impett. 2021. “Introduction: Ways of Machine Seeing.” AI & SOCIETY 36: 1093–1104.
  6. Barthes, Roland. 2014. Camera Lucida: Fotoğraf Üzerine Düşünceler. Çeviren Reha Akçakaya. İstanbul: Altıkırkbeş Yayınları.
  7. Baudelaire, Charles. 1956. The Mirror of Art: Critical Studies. Çeviren With Notes. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books. Bayar, Arzu. 2024. “Özne-İmaj-Teknoloji Ekseninde Yapay Zeka Üzerine Bir Soruşturma.” Yayımlanmış Doktora tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  8. Benjamin, Walter. 2016. Pasajlar. Çeviren Ahmet Cemal. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Communication Studies , Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies , New Communication Technologies

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 5, 2025

Submission Date

July 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 13, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 12 Number: 2

APA
Bayar, A. (2025). Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, 12(2), 180-215. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1736975
AMA
1.Bayar A. Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2025;12(2):180-215. doi:10.24955/ilef.1736975
Chicago
Bayar, Arzu. 2025. “Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 12 (2): 180-215. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1736975.
EndNote
Bayar A (December 1, 2025) Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 12 2 180–215.
IEEE
[1]A. Bayar, “Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 180–215, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.24955/ilef.1736975.
ISNAD
Bayar, Arzu. “Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 12/2 (December 1, 2025): 180-215. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1736975.
JAMA
1.Bayar A. Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2025;12:180–215.
MLA
Bayar, Arzu. “Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 180-15, doi:10.24955/ilef.1736975.
Vancouver
1.Arzu Bayar. Kartezyen Perspektiften Yapay Zekâya Bir Aufhebung: Algoritmik Görme Biçimi. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2025 Dec. 1;12(2):180-215. doi:10.24955/ilef.1736975