Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü

Aysun Akan; Selin Türkel; Ebru Uzunoğlu; Aytunç Erçifci

doi:10.24955/ilef.1113211

TR EN

Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü

Abstract

This study focuses on Ülkü, the official journal of the People’s Houses (Halkevleri), which was designed to create an ideology for the modern Turkish state as opposed to Ottomanism. It is aimed to examine the semantic structure of Ülkü version of Kemalist modernism through holistic approach. This allows us to examine the whole by inquiring the relationship between the words in the selected articles instead of looking at the content of the journal to search for previously determined themes. Unveiling latent meaning of Ülkü can have important consequences for communication literature in terms of building national identity. The findings contribute to our grasping of identity building communication practices. The study also demonstrates the utility and contribution of semantic network analysis for understanding of Ülkü, as a vehicle for replacing the traditional even ‘archaic’ Ottoman-Muslim identity with the new modern-western identity. The initial findings of research demonstrate six permanent items (history, big, nation, year, homeland, Turkish), addressing embedded ideological latent meanings related to the modern national identity.

Keywords

References

Ahmad, Feroz. 1993. The making of Modern Turkey. London: Routledge.
Akan, Aysun. 2015. “Making sense of Gezi Park protests: Gezi Park protests as a defence of lifestyles.” In Electronic Communications, Political, Social and Educational Uses, edited by Sami Zlitni and Fabien Liénard, 79-92. Peter Lang Publications.
Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
Arıkan, Zeki. 1999. “Halkevlerinin kuruluşu ve tarihsel işlevi.” Atatürk Yolu Dergisi 6 (23): 261-81.
Aydin, Ertan. 2004. “Peculiarities of Turkish revolutionary ideology in the 1930s: The Ülkü version of Kemalism, 1933-1936.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (5): 55-82.
Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal nationalism. London: Sage.
Blackkisrud, Helge, and Shahnoza Nozimova. 2010. “History writing and nation building in post-independence Tajikistan.” Nationalities Papers 38 (2): 173-89.
Borgatti, Stephen. 1995. “Centrality and AIDS.” Connections 18 (1): 112-14.

Cagaptay, Soner. 2004. “Race, assimilation and Kemalism: Turkish nationalism and the minorities in the 1930s.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (3): 86-101.
Chung, Joo Chung, George Barnett, Kitae Kim, and Derek Lackaff. 2013. “An analysis on communication theory and discipline.” Scientometrics 95 (3): 985-1002.
Çeçen, Anıl. 1990. Halkevleri. Ankara: Gündoğan Yayınları
Çınar, Menderes, and Burhanettin Duran. 2008. “The specific evolution of contemporary political Islam in Turkey and its difference.” In Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey, The Making of Justice and Development Party, edited by Ümit Cizre Sakallıoğlu, 17-40. London: Routledge.
Dağtaş, Banu, and Murat Tazegül. 2005. “Modernleşmeyi okumak: Ülkü Dergisi (1933-1938).” Kültür ve İletişim/Culture and Communication 8 (2): 75-100.
de Nooy, Wouter, Andrej Mrvar, and Vladimir Batagelj. 2011. Exploratory social network analysis with Pajek. 2nd ed. USA: Cambridge University Press.
Dolan, Bill, Chris Quirk and Chris Brockett. 2004. “Unsupervised Construction of Large Paraphrase Corpora: Exploiting Massively Parallel News Sources”. COLING 2004 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 23-27, 2004, Geneva, Switzerland, 350-56. https://aclanthology.org/volumes/C04-1/.
Erdal, İbrahim. 2011. “Ülkü Mecmuasına göre Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi nüfus politikası (1923–1938).” Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi 48 Güz: 779-791.
Gençkal Eroler, Elif. 2019. “Dindar nesil yetiştirmek” Türkiye’nin eğitim politikalarında ulus ve vatandaş inşası (2002-2016). İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık.
Güz, Nurettin. 1995. Tek parti ideolojisinin yayın organları: Halkevleri Dergileri 1932-1950. Ankara: Bilge Yapım.
Hare, Victoria Chou, Mitchell Rabinowitz, and Karen Magnus Schieble. 1989. “Text effects on main idea comprehension.” Reading Research Quarterly 24 (1): 72-88.
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1983. “Inventing traditions: Introduction.” In The invention of tradition, edited by Eric Hobsbawm, and Terence Ranger, 1-14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huang, Sheng-Peng, Yan Kong, and Ying Cheng. 2018. “Public images of gifted programs in China: A 38 year analysis of Chinese news reports on gifted education.” Gifted and Talented International 33 (1-2): 41-51.
Isyar, Bora. 2005. “The origins of Turkish republican citizenship: The births of race.” Nations and Nationalism 11 (3): 343-60.
İçduygu, Ahmet, Yılmaz Çolak, and Nalan Soyarık. 2000. “What is the matter with citizenship? A Turkish debate.” In Seventy-Five Years of the Turkish Republic, edited by Sylvia Kedourie, 187-209. Frank Cass.
Kadıoğlu, Ayşe. 2001. “Sunuş.” In Ne Mutlu Türküm Diyebilene: Türk Ulusal Kimliğinin Etno-Seküler Sınırları (1919-1938), by Ahmet Yıldız, 9-13. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Karaömerlioğlu, M. Asım. 1998. “The village institutes experience in Turkey.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 24 (1): 47-73.
Kara, Abdullah. 2020. “Türkiye’de alfabe değişiminden sonar yeni harflerin yaygınlaştırılması ve halk eğitiminde millet mekteplerinin rolü ve önemi.” Oğuz-Türkmen Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 (1): 114-41.
Karpat, Kemal. 1974. “The impact of the People’s Houses on the development of communication in Turkey 1931-1951.” Die Welt des Islams 15 (1-4): 69-84.
Katalin, Sıska. 2016. “Fear not…! Turkish nationalism and the six arrows system—A state in search of a nation.” Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies 57(3): 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1556/2052.2016.57.3.2
Keyder, Çağlar. 1989. Türkiye’de devlet ve sınıflar, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Kılınç, Volkan. 2017. “Disciplining Turkish people through the People’s Houses: A discursive reading of the Ülkü Magazine (1933-1950).” Unpublished PhD Diss., İstanbul Şehir University.
Kocabaşoğlu, Uygur. 2010. Şirket telsizinden devlet radyosuna: TRT öncesi dönemde radyonun tarihsel gelişimi ve Türk siyasal hayatı içindeki yeri. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Köymen, Nusret Kemal. 1933. “Köy seferberliğine doğru.” Ülkü 5 (1): 355-61.
Krueger, Carl. 2016. Kemalist Turkey and the Middle East. Routledge.
Küçüka, Necip Ali. 1934. “Türk dili ve Türk müziği.” Ülkü 22 (4): 246-48.
Kwon, Kyounghee, George Barnett, and Hao Chen. 2009. “Assessing cultural differences in translations: A semantic network analysis of the universal declaration of human rights.” Journal of International and Intercultural Communications 2 (2): 107-38.
Levine, Sheen, and Robert Kurzban. 2006. “Explaining clustering in social networks: Towards an evolutionary theory of cascading benefits.” Managerial and Decision Economic 27 (2- 3): 173-87.
Mardin, Şerif. 1981. “Religion and Secularism in Turkey.” In Atatürk: Founder of a Modern State, edited by Ergun Özbudun and Ali Kazancıgil, 191-219. London: C. Hurst & Co.
McGlashan, Jaimie, Michael Johnstone, Doug Creighton, Kayla de la Haye, and Steven Allender. 2016. “Quantifying a systems map: Network analysis of a childhood obesity causal loop diagram.” PloS one, 11 (10): ?.
Ohtake, Kiyonori, Daigo Okamoto, Mitsuru Kodama, and Shigeru Masuyama. 2001. “Yet another summarization system with two modules using empirical knowledge.”Proceedings of the 2nd National Institute of Informatics Test Collection Information Retrieval (NTCIR) Workshop. https://dblp.org/db/conf/ntcir/ntcir2001.html.
Okutan, Mustafa Çağatay. 2004. Tek parti döneminde azınlık politikaları. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Onbaşı, Funda Gençoğlu. 2011. “Halkevleri ve Ülkü Dergisi: Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde köycülük tartışmaları.” Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler 20 (3): 69-88.
Opsahl, Tore, Filip Agneessens, and John Skvoretz. 2010. “Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths.” Social Networks 32(3): 245-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2010.03.006
Otaç Tuğrul. 2019. “Ülkü Mecmuasına Göre Türk Aydınlanması (1933-1936).” Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Atatürk Yolu Dergisi 64: 229-266.
Özbudun, Ergun. 1997. “Milli mücadele ve Cumhuriyet’in resmi belgelerinde yurttaşlık ve kimlik sorunu.” In Cumhuriyet, demokrasi, kimlik, edited by Nuri Bilgin, 63-70. Ankara: Bağlam.
Peker, Recep. 1933. “Ülkü niçin çıkıyor.” Ülkü 1 (1): 1-3.
Rice, Ronald E., and James A. Danowski. 1993. “Is it really just like a fancy answering machine? Comparing semantic networks of different types of voice mail users.” The Journal of Business Communications 30 (4): 369-97.
Sakallıoğlu, Ümit Cizre.1996. “Parameters and strategies of Islam-State interaction in Republican Turkey.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (2): 231- 251.
Salpeteur, Matthieu, Laura Calvet-Mir, Isabel Diaz-Reviriego, and Victoria Reyes-García. 2017. “Networking the environment: social network analysis in environmental management and local ecological knowledge studies.” Ecology and Society 22(1):41. https://doi.org/10.5751/ ES-08790-220141
Scott, John. 2013. Social network analysis. London: Sage.
Shim, Junseop, Chisung Park, and Mark Wilding. 2015. “Identifying policy frames through semantic network analysis: An examination of nuclear energy policy across six countries.” Policy Sciences 48 (1): 51-83.
Taylor, Maureen, and Michael L. Kent. 2006. “Public relations theory and practice in nation.” In Public Relations Theory II, edited by Carl Botan, and Vincent Hazleton, 341-59. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Tongul, Neriman. 2004. “Türk harf inkılabı.” Atatürk Yolu Dergisi 33-34: 103-30.
Tunçay, Mete. 1981. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Tek Parti Yönetiminin Kurulması (1923–1931). Ankara: Yurt Yayınları.
Uyar, Hakkı. 1997. “Resmi ideoloji ya da alternatif resmi ideoloji oluşturmaya yönelik iki dergi: Ülkü ve Kadro mecmualarının karşılaştırmalı içerik analizi.” Toplum ve Bilim 74: 181-192.
Üstel, Füsun. 2005. Makbul vatandaşın peşinde. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
van Atteveldt, Wouter. 2008. “Semantic Network Analysis. Techniques for Extracting, Representing, and Querying Media Content.” PhD diss., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Wimmer, Andreas. 2002. Nationalist exclusion and ethnic conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Yazıcı, Fatih, and Tercan Yıldırım. 2018. “History teaching as a nation-building tool in the early Republican Period in Turkey (1923-1938)”, Paedagogica Historica 54(4): 433-446.
Yıldırım, Erinç Erdal. 2014. “Official history transformation of the early Turkish Republic: Changes and continuities reflected in the textbooks.” Journal of International Social Research 7 (31): 414-425.
Zürcher, Erik- Jan. 1993. Turkey: A modern history. London: I.B.Tauris.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Aysun Akan
Türkiye

Selin Türkel ^*
Türkiye

Ebru Uzunoğlu
Türkiye

Aytunç Erçifci
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 25, 2022

Submission Date

March 3, 2021

Acceptance Date

June 23, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 9 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1113211

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26RM76ZD

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Akan, A., Türkel, S., Uzunoğlu, E., & Erçifci, A. (2022). Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, 9(1), 85-116. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1113211

AMA

1.Akan A, Türkel S, Uzunoğlu E, Erçifci A. Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2022;9(1):85-116. doi:10.24955/ilef.1113211

Chicago

Akan, Aysun, Selin Türkel, Ebru Uzunoğlu, and Aytunç Erçifci. 2022. “Examining National Identity Building from a Network Analysis Perspective: The Semantic Structure of Kemalist Journal Ülkü”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 9 (1): 85-116. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1113211.

EndNote

Akan A, Türkel S, Uzunoğlu E, Erçifci A (May 1, 2022) Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 9 1 85–116.

IEEE

[1]A. Akan, S. Türkel, E. Uzunoğlu, and A. Erçifci, “Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü”, Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 85–116, May 2022, doi: 10.24955/ilef.1113211.

ISNAD

Akan, Aysun - Türkel, Selin - Uzunoğlu, Ebru - Erçifci, Aytunç. “Examining National Identity Building from a Network Analysis Perspective: The Semantic Structure of Kemalist Journal Ülkü”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi 9/1 (May 1, 2022): 85-116. https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.1113211.

JAMA

1.Akan A, Türkel S, Uzunoğlu E, Erçifci A. Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2022;9:85–116.

MLA

Akan, Aysun, et al. “Examining National Identity Building from a Network Analysis Perspective: The Semantic Structure of Kemalist Journal Ülkü”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, May 2022, pp. 85-116, doi:10.24955/ilef.1113211.

Vancouver

1.Aysun Akan, Selin Türkel, Ebru Uzunoğlu, Aytunç Erçifci. Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü. Ankara Üniversitesi İlef Dergisi. 2022 May 1;9(1):85-116. doi:10.24955/ilef.1113211

Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü

Ulusal kimlik inşasının ağ analizi perspektifinden incelenmesi: Kemalist dergi Ülkü'nün anlamsal yapısı

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Examining national identity building from a network analysis perspective: The semantic structure of Kemalist journal Ülkü

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite