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A Victorian Interpretation of Rubâiyât of Omar Khayyâm by Edward FitzGerald

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 804 - 815, 30.12.2020

Emrah Atasoy

https://doi.org/10.34083/akaded.812041

Öz

Edward FitzGerald’s translation of Omar Khayyam’s ruba’i in his work, Rubâiyât of Omar Khayyâm (1859) demonstrates stark differences from the actual work of Omar Khayyam. FitzGerald’s translation or re-writing includes numerous themes and characteristics such as pessimism, skepticism, loss of faith, brevity, transience, ephemerality of life, hedonism, Epicureanism, materialism, and cynicism peculiar to the Victorian era. In this respect, FitzGerald’s literary work does not communicate the underlying features of Khayyam’s poetry, but illustrates the concerns, anxieties, doubts, and the mainstream mood of the Victorian era, an age of duality. This study will, therefore, discuss to what extent FitzGerald’s Rubaiyat is a Victorian invention. Prior to the discussion, brief information about the poet, Omar Khayyam will be given. Then, through specific references from the work and the explication of domestication and foreignization strategies in translation, it will be ultimately argued that FitzGerald’s translation does not communicate the Persian poet Omar Khayyam’s rich literary legacy, but is adapted or re-formulated in order to reflect upon the Victorian period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Edward FitzGerald Victoria erea Rubaiyat translaition Omar Khayyam

Kaynakça

  • Cadbury, William (1967). FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát as a Poem. ELH. 34(4), 541- 563.
  • Carlyle, Thomas (1899). The Works of Thomas Carlyle. 30 vols. London: Chapman and Hall.
  • Çelikkol, Ayşe (2013). Secular Pleasures and Fitzgerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Victorian Poetry. 51 (4), 511-532.
  • Dashti, Ali (1971). In Search of Omar Khayyam. Trans. L. P. Elwell-Sutton. London: Columbia University Press.
  • FitzGerald, Edward (2003). Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Tehran: NAHID.
  • Forbush, William Byron (1905). Ecclesiastes and the Rubáiyát. The Biblical World. 26(5), 355-363. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3140731.
  • Gray, Erik (2001). Forgetting FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900. 41(4), 765-783. DOI:10.2307/1556206.
  • Hassani Jewett, Iran B. (1977). The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Edward FitzGerald. London: George Prior Publishers.
  • Norton, Charles Eliot (2008). Appendix: Two Early Reviews of the Rubáiyát. Victorian Poetry, 46(1), 105-125. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40347530.
  • Parsley, Rod (2007). Culturally Incorrect: How Clashing Worldviews Affect Your Future. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson.
  • Reynolds, Matthew (2006). Review of Erik Gray, The Poetry of Indifference: From the Romantics to the "Rubáiyát." Nineteenth-Century Literature, 60(4), 530-533. DOI:10.1525/ncl.2006.60.4.530
  • Riede, David G. (2005). Allegories of One’s Own Mind: Melancholy in Victorian Poetry. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
  • Sonstroem, David (1969). Abandon the Day: FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Victorian Newsletter 36, 10-13.
  • Timko, Michael (1975). The Victorianism of Victorian Literature. New Literary History, 6(3), 607-627. DOI:10.2307/468468
  • Venuti, Lawrence (1995). The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London & New York: Routledge
  • Vid, Natalia (2008). Domesticated Translation: The Case of Nabokov's Translation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Nabokov Online Journal. 2, 1-24. http://www.nabokovonline.com/uploads/2/3/7/7/23779748/v2_08_vid.pdf
  • Warren, James (2009). Introduction. In James Warren (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism (pp. 1-8). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wilmer, Clive (2011). A Victorian Poem: Edward FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. In A. Poole, C. Van Ruymbeke, & W. Martin (Eds). FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: Popularity and Neglect (pp. 45-54). Anthem Press. doi:10.7135/UPO9780857284242.006.
  • Zare-Behtash, Esmail (1994). FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát: A Victorian Invention. Doctoral Dissertation. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University.

Edward FitzGerald’ın Rubâiyât of Omar Khayyâm Eserinde Victoria Dönemi Yansımaları

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 804 - 815, 30.12.2020

Emrah Atasoy

https://doi.org/10.34083/akaded.812041

Öz

Edward FitzGerald’ın çevirmiş olduğu Rubâiyât of Omar Khayyâm (1859) başlıklı eser, Ömer Hayyam’ın orijinal eserinden çok büyük farklılıklar göstermektedir. FitzGerald’ın çevirisi, karamsarlık, şüphecilik, inanç kaybı, fanilik, hayatın kısalığı, hedonizm, Epikürcülük, maddecilik ve sinizm gibi Victoria dönemini yansıtan özellikler ve temalar taşımaktadır. Fitzgerald, eseri sadece tercüme etmekle kalmamış onu adeta yeniden yazmıştır. Bu bağlamda, FitzGerald’ın edebî eseri, Hayyam’ın şiirinin temel özelliklerini yansıtmamakta; aksine, zıtlıkların çağı olan Victoria döneminin kaygılarını, endişelerini, insanların genel ruhsal durumunu ve toplumdaki atmosferi ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu anlamda FitzGerald’ın Rubâiyât eserinin Victoria dönemini ne kadar yansıttığını tartışacaktır. Tartışma öncesinde, Ömer Hayyam hakkında kısa biyografik bilgi verilecektir. Daha sonra, eserden spesifik örnekler ile “yerlileştirme” (domestication) ve “yabancılaştırma” (foreignization) çeviri stratejileri tartışması üzerinden, FitzGerald’ın çevirisinin Ömer Hayyam’ın edebî mirasından ve şiirinden ziyade Victoria dönemini yansıtmak üzere yeniden uyarlandığı ve o doğrultuda ortaya konduğu tartışılıp kanıtlanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ömer Hayyâm Victoria devri Rubâiyât çeviri Edward FitzGerald

Kaynakça

  • Cadbury, William (1967). FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát as a Poem. ELH. 34(4), 541- 563.
  • Carlyle, Thomas (1899). The Works of Thomas Carlyle. 30 vols. London: Chapman and Hall.
  • Çelikkol, Ayşe (2013). Secular Pleasures and Fitzgerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Victorian Poetry. 51 (4), 511-532.
  • Dashti, Ali (1971). In Search of Omar Khayyam. Trans. L. P. Elwell-Sutton. London: Columbia University Press.
  • FitzGerald, Edward (2003). Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Tehran: NAHID.
  • Forbush, William Byron (1905). Ecclesiastes and the Rubáiyát. The Biblical World. 26(5), 355-363. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3140731.
  • Gray, Erik (2001). Forgetting FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát. Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900. 41(4), 765-783. DOI:10.2307/1556206.
  • Hassani Jewett, Iran B. (1977). The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Edward FitzGerald. London: George Prior Publishers.
  • Norton, Charles Eliot (2008). Appendix: Two Early Reviews of the Rubáiyát. Victorian Poetry, 46(1), 105-125. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40347530.
  • Parsley, Rod (2007). Culturally Incorrect: How Clashing Worldviews Affect Your Future. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson.
  • Reynolds, Matthew (2006). Review of Erik Gray, The Poetry of Indifference: From the Romantics to the "Rubáiyát." Nineteenth-Century Literature, 60(4), 530-533. DOI:10.1525/ncl.2006.60.4.530
  • Riede, David G. (2005). Allegories of One’s Own Mind: Melancholy in Victorian Poetry. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
  • Sonstroem, David (1969). Abandon the Day: FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. Victorian Newsletter 36, 10-13.
  • Timko, Michael (1975). The Victorianism of Victorian Literature. New Literary History, 6(3), 607-627. DOI:10.2307/468468
  • Venuti, Lawrence (1995). The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London & New York: Routledge
  • Vid, Natalia (2008). Domesticated Translation: The Case of Nabokov's Translation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Nabokov Online Journal. 2, 1-24. http://www.nabokovonline.com/uploads/2/3/7/7/23779748/v2_08_vid.pdf
  • Warren, James (2009). Introduction. In James Warren (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Epicureanism (pp. 1-8). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wilmer, Clive (2011). A Victorian Poem: Edward FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. In A. Poole, C. Van Ruymbeke, & W. Martin (Eds). FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: Popularity and Neglect (pp. 45-54). Anthem Press. doi:10.7135/UPO9780857284242.006.
  • Zare-Behtash, Esmail (1994). FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát: A Victorian Invention. Doctoral Dissertation. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Edebi Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Emrah Atasoy 0000-0002-5008-2636

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2020
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Atasoy, E. (2020). A Victorian Interpretation of Rubâiyât of Omar Khayyâm by Edward FitzGerald. Akademik Dil Ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 4(4), 804-815. https://doi.org/10.34083/akaded.812041
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