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MEDYA ETKİLERİ VE SİYASAL İLETİŞİM ÇALIŞMALARINDA BÜYÜK VERİ ANALİZİ, YENİ TRENDLER VE GÜNCEL ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ ÜZERİNE LİTERATÜR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 260 - 270, 01.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.854809

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı medya etkileri ve siyasal iletişim literatüründe aktif olarak çalışılan alanları ve özellikle büyük veri kullanılan yeni araştırma yöntemlerini inceleyerek genel bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Böylelikle alanla ilgili yenilikleri tespit edip konuyla ilgilenen araştırmacılara ileriye dönük hedef gösterilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Siyasal iletişim çalışmaları içindeki en güçlü kuramlardan biri olan (Kaid, 2004) ve yaklaşık 50 yıldır üzerine yüzlerce makale yazılan gündem belirleme kuramı yıllar içinde çeşitli aşamalardan geçmiştir. Bu aşamaları birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü aşama gündem belirleme, bu aşamaların kamuoyu davranış, fikir ve tutumlarına olan etkileri, gündem belirleme etkisinin nasıl oluştuğu ve etki gücünü tartışan yönelim ihtiyacı kavramı, medya kuruluşlarının birbiri arasında gerçekleşen gündem belirleme etkisi ve son olarak gündem birleştirme kavramı şeklinde özetlemek mümkündür (McCombs vd., 2014). Bu bahsedilen aşamalardan üç tanesi akademik yazında güncel olarak çalışma üretilen alanları kapsamaktadır; (1) üçüncü aşama gündem belirleme olarak bilinen Ağ Gündem Belirleme (Guo & McCombs, 2011a; 2011b), (2) medya etkilerinin psikolojik boyutu olarak görülen Yönelim İhtiyacı (McCombs & Weaver, 1973; Weaver, 1977), (3) medyanın sivil gündemlerini, kişisel görüşlerimiz ve deneyimlerimizle birlikte değerli gördüğümüz referans noktalarını birleştirme şeklimizi ifade eden Gündem Birleştirme (Shaw & Weaver, 2014; Vargo vd., 2014). Mevcut çalışmada bu üç alanın gelişimi ve özellikle büyük veri örneklemleriyle yapılan yeni çalışmalar değerlendirilip gelecek araştırmalar için yol haritası çizilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Sonuç olarak geçtiğimiz 10 yılda üretilen 16 makalenin 9’unun, diğer bir deyişle yarıdan fazlasının (% 56) büyük veri analizine dayalı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmaların evrenlerinin, veri toplama araçlarının ve yöntemlerinin ise çoklu olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Dolayısıyla alanın sadece konu bazlı değil, aynı zamanda yöntemsel olarak da hızla gelişip rekabetçi hale geldiği saptanmıştır.

References

  • Bakan, U. and Melek, G. (2016). First and second level intermedia agenda-setting between international newspapers and Twitter during the coverage of the 266th papal election. Akdeniz İletişim Dergisi, 26, 155–177.
  • Camaj, L. and Weaver, D. (2013). Need for Orientation and Attribute Agenda-Setting During a U.S. Election Campaign. International Journal of Communication, 7, 22.
  • Chernov, G., Valenzuela, S., and McCombs, M. E. (2011). An experimental comparison of two perspectives on the concept of need for orientation in agenda-setting theory. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 88, 142–155.
  • Doğu, B. (2020). Turkey’s news media landscape in Twitter: Mapping interconnections among diversity. Journalism, 21(5), 688–706. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917713791
  • Dogu, B. and Mat, H. (2019). Who Sets the Agenda? Polarization and Issue Ownership in Turkey’s Political Twittersphere. International Journal of Communication, 13, 229-250.
  • Guo, L. (2012) The Application of Social Network Analysis in Agenda Setting Research: A Methodological Exploration. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 616-631. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2012.732148
  • Guo, L. (2013). Toward the third level of agenda setting theory: A network agenda-setting model. In T. Johnson (Ed.), Agenda setting in a 2.0 world: New agendas in communication (pp. 112–133). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Guo, L. and McCombs, M. (2011a). Network agenda setting: A third level of media effects. Paper presented at the Annual International Communication Association Conference, Boston, MA.
  • Guo, L. and McCombs, M. (2011b). Toward the third level of Agenda Setting theory: A Network Agenda Setting Model. Paper presented at the AEJMC, St. Louis.
  • Guo L. and Vargo C. (2015). The Power of Message Networks: A Big-Data Analysis of the Network Agenda Setting Model and Issue Ownership. Mass Communication and Society, 18(5), 557-576. DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2015.1045300
  • Guo, L. and Vargo, C.J. (2017). Global Intermedia Agenda Setting: A Big Data Analysis of International News Flow. Journal of Communication, 67, 499-520. doi:10.1111/jcom.12311
  • Guo, L., Vargo, C. J., Pan, Z., Ding, W., and Ishwar, P. (2016). Big Social Data Analytics in Journalism and Mass Communication: Comparing Dictionary-Based Text Analysis and Unsupervised Topic Modeling. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(2), 332–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016639231
  • Kaid, L. L. (2004). Handbook of Political Communication Research. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan.
  • Matthes, J. (2006). The need for orientation towards news media: Revising and validating a classic concept. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18, 422–444.
  • Matthes, J. (2008). Need for orientation as a predictor of agenda-setting effects: Causal evidence from a two-wave panel study. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 20, 440–453.
  • McCombs, M. E. (2004). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
  • McCombs, M. E. (2020). The language of journalism – The language of agenda setting effects. Mediapolis, 10, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-6019_10_1
  • McCombs, M. E, Llamas, J. P., Lopez-Escobar, E., and Rey, F. (1997). Candidate Images in Spanish Elections: Second-Level Agenda-Setting Effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74(4), 703–717. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400404
  • McCombs M. E., Shaw, D. L., and Weaver, D. H. (2014). New Directions in Agenda-Setting Theory and Research. Mass Communication and Society, 17(6), 781-802. DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2014.964871
  • McCombs, M. E. and Shaw, D. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176–187.
  • McCombs, M. E. and Weaver, D. H. (1973). Voters’ Need for Orientation and Use of Mass Communication. Paper presented to the International Communication Association, Montreal, Canada, April 25–28.
  • Melek, G. (2017). A Study on Hürriyet and Twitter within the Framework of Intermedia Agenda-Setting. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 44, 17-41.
  • Melek, G. and Uluçay, D.M. (2019). Media Attributes and Attitude Change: Experiments on the Impact of Second-Level Agenda-Setting on Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 25(1), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.63735
  • Shaw, D. L., Hamm, B. J., and Terry, T. C. (2006). Vertical vs. horizontal media: Using agenda-setting and audience agenda-melding to create public information strategies in the emerging papyrus society. Military Review, 86, 13–25.
  • Shaw, D. L, McCombs, M. E., Tran, H., and McKeever, R. (2010). Imagining community: Media agenda setting, social melding, and mediamorphosis, a meta analysis. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium: Communication in the new Millennium, Eskişehir, Turkey. May 23–26.
  • Shaw, D. L. and Weaver, D. (2014). Media agenda-setting and audience agenda-melding. In M. E. McCombs (Ed.), Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion (pp. 145–150). Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
  • Vargo, C.J., Guo, L., McCombs, M. E., and Shaw, D.L. (2014). Network Issue Agendas on Twitter During the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election. Journal of Communication, 64, 296-316. doi:10.1111/jcom.12089
  • Vargo, C. J. and Guo, L. (2017). Networks, Big Data, and Intermedia Agenda Setting: An Analysis of Traditional, Partisan, and Emerging Online U.S. News. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(4), 1031–1055. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016679976
  • Vu, H. T., Guo, L., and McCombs, M. E. (2014). Exploring ‘‘the World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads’’: A Network Agenda Setting Study. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 91(4), 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699014550090
  • Weaver, D. H., Wojdynski, B., McKeever, R., and Shaw, D. L. (2010). Vertical and or versus? Horizontal communities: Need for orientation, media use and agenda melding. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the World Association for Public Opinion Research, Chicago, IL. May 11-13.
  • Weaver, D. H. (1977). Political issues and voter need for orientation. In D.L. Shaw & M.E. McCombs (Eds.), the emergence of American political issues: The agenda-setting function of the press (pp. 107–119). St. Paul, MN: West.
  • Weimann, G. (1991).The influentials: Back to the concept of opinion leaders? Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, 267–279.
  • Yüksel, E., and Dingin, A. E. (2020). Does “It” Work in Turkey? A Network Agenda-Setting Research. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 7(1), 435-450.
Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 260 - 270, 01.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.854809

Abstract

References

  • Bakan, U. and Melek, G. (2016). First and second level intermedia agenda-setting between international newspapers and Twitter during the coverage of the 266th papal election. Akdeniz İletişim Dergisi, 26, 155–177.
  • Camaj, L. and Weaver, D. (2013). Need for Orientation and Attribute Agenda-Setting During a U.S. Election Campaign. International Journal of Communication, 7, 22.
  • Chernov, G., Valenzuela, S., and McCombs, M. E. (2011). An experimental comparison of two perspectives on the concept of need for orientation in agenda-setting theory. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 88, 142–155.
  • Doğu, B. (2020). Turkey’s news media landscape in Twitter: Mapping interconnections among diversity. Journalism, 21(5), 688–706. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917713791
  • Dogu, B. and Mat, H. (2019). Who Sets the Agenda? Polarization and Issue Ownership in Turkey’s Political Twittersphere. International Journal of Communication, 13, 229-250.
  • Guo, L. (2012) The Application of Social Network Analysis in Agenda Setting Research: A Methodological Exploration. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 616-631. DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2012.732148
  • Guo, L. (2013). Toward the third level of agenda setting theory: A network agenda-setting model. In T. Johnson (Ed.), Agenda setting in a 2.0 world: New agendas in communication (pp. 112–133). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Guo, L. and McCombs, M. (2011a). Network agenda setting: A third level of media effects. Paper presented at the Annual International Communication Association Conference, Boston, MA.
  • Guo, L. and McCombs, M. (2011b). Toward the third level of Agenda Setting theory: A Network Agenda Setting Model. Paper presented at the AEJMC, St. Louis.
  • Guo L. and Vargo C. (2015). The Power of Message Networks: A Big-Data Analysis of the Network Agenda Setting Model and Issue Ownership. Mass Communication and Society, 18(5), 557-576. DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2015.1045300
  • Guo, L. and Vargo, C.J. (2017). Global Intermedia Agenda Setting: A Big Data Analysis of International News Flow. Journal of Communication, 67, 499-520. doi:10.1111/jcom.12311
  • Guo, L., Vargo, C. J., Pan, Z., Ding, W., and Ishwar, P. (2016). Big Social Data Analytics in Journalism and Mass Communication: Comparing Dictionary-Based Text Analysis and Unsupervised Topic Modeling. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(2), 332–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016639231
  • Kaid, L. L. (2004). Handbook of Political Communication Research. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York, NY: Macmillan.
  • Matthes, J. (2006). The need for orientation towards news media: Revising and validating a classic concept. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18, 422–444.
  • Matthes, J. (2008). Need for orientation as a predictor of agenda-setting effects: Causal evidence from a two-wave panel study. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 20, 440–453.
  • McCombs, M. E. (2004). Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
  • McCombs, M. E. (2020). The language of journalism – The language of agenda setting effects. Mediapolis, 10, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-6019_10_1
  • McCombs, M. E, Llamas, J. P., Lopez-Escobar, E., and Rey, F. (1997). Candidate Images in Spanish Elections: Second-Level Agenda-Setting Effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74(4), 703–717. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400404
  • McCombs M. E., Shaw, D. L., and Weaver, D. H. (2014). New Directions in Agenda-Setting Theory and Research. Mass Communication and Society, 17(6), 781-802. DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2014.964871
  • McCombs, M. E. and Shaw, D. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176–187.
  • McCombs, M. E. and Weaver, D. H. (1973). Voters’ Need for Orientation and Use of Mass Communication. Paper presented to the International Communication Association, Montreal, Canada, April 25–28.
  • Melek, G. (2017). A Study on Hürriyet and Twitter within the Framework of Intermedia Agenda-Setting. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 44, 17-41.
  • Melek, G. and Uluçay, D.M. (2019). Media Attributes and Attitude Change: Experiments on the Impact of Second-Level Agenda-Setting on Attitudes towards Syrian Refugees. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 25(1), 381-392. https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.63735
  • Shaw, D. L., Hamm, B. J., and Terry, T. C. (2006). Vertical vs. horizontal media: Using agenda-setting and audience agenda-melding to create public information strategies in the emerging papyrus society. Military Review, 86, 13–25.
  • Shaw, D. L, McCombs, M. E., Tran, H., and McKeever, R. (2010). Imagining community: Media agenda setting, social melding, and mediamorphosis, a meta analysis. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium: Communication in the new Millennium, Eskişehir, Turkey. May 23–26.
  • Shaw, D. L. and Weaver, D. (2014). Media agenda-setting and audience agenda-melding. In M. E. McCombs (Ed.), Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion (pp. 145–150). Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
  • Vargo, C.J., Guo, L., McCombs, M. E., and Shaw, D.L. (2014). Network Issue Agendas on Twitter During the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election. Journal of Communication, 64, 296-316. doi:10.1111/jcom.12089
  • Vargo, C. J. and Guo, L. (2017). Networks, Big Data, and Intermedia Agenda Setting: An Analysis of Traditional, Partisan, and Emerging Online U.S. News. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(4), 1031–1055. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016679976
  • Vu, H. T., Guo, L., and McCombs, M. E. (2014). Exploring ‘‘the World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads’’: A Network Agenda Setting Study. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 91(4), 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699014550090
  • Weaver, D. H., Wojdynski, B., McKeever, R., and Shaw, D. L. (2010). Vertical and or versus? Horizontal communities: Need for orientation, media use and agenda melding. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the World Association for Public Opinion Research, Chicago, IL. May 11-13.
  • Weaver, D. H. (1977). Political issues and voter need for orientation. In D.L. Shaw & M.E. McCombs (Eds.), the emergence of American political issues: The agenda-setting function of the press (pp. 107–119). St. Paul, MN: West.
  • Weimann, G. (1991).The influentials: Back to the concept of opinion leaders? Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, 267–279.
  • Yüksel, E., and Dingin, A. E. (2020). Does “It” Work in Turkey? A Network Agenda-Setting Research. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 7(1), 435-450.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Gizem Melek 0000-0003-4205-8430

Publication Date May 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Melek, G. (2021). MEDYA ETKİLERİ VE SİYASAL İLETİŞİM ÇALIŞMALARINDA BÜYÜK VERİ ANALİZİ, YENİ TRENDLER VE GÜNCEL ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ ÜZERİNE LİTERATÜR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ. İnönü Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (İNİF E-Dergi), 6(1), 260-270. https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.854809