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The role of the media following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV news sites in Azerbaijan

Year 2023, Issue: 65, 89 - 107, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779

Abstract

As the second Nagorno-Karabakh War, also called the ‘44-Day War’ (between 27.09.2020-10.11.2020) ended, and the ceasefire agreement was signed, the surrounding Armenian-occupied areas were ceded back to Azerbaijan except for the Khankendi-centered area in Nagorno-Karabakh region. This area is predominantly an Armenian-populated region and is internationally recognized as a part of Azerbaijan but is under the control of the so-called de-facto Artsakh Republic. Although the problem is seen as solved in terms of building peace in the Caucasian region and specifically relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia, the status of the Armenian-populated region, and social cohesion between the communities remain still problematic. In this context, the study aims to find out how the Azerbaijani media reflect this post-conflict situation. In doing so, the most-followed two online media platforms, MeydanTV and Azadliqradiosu, were selected for the sampling, and topic-oriented framing analysis was employed to scrutinize the news posted during the one-year post-conflict period (between 10.11.2020-10.11.2021). According to the findings, construction/negative peace was the main theme in both news sites. One of the main differences was about framing of rehabilitation phase. While the stories from both Azerbaijani and Armenian people were mentioned in AzadliqRadiosu, only Azerbaijanis were emphasized on MeydanTV.

References

  • Aghayeva, J. K. (2018). Women and violence: Victims of Garabagh conflict. Elm ve Innovativ Texnologiyalar Jurnalı, 29-38. https://10.5782/2616-4418.3.2018.29. google scholar
  • AzadliqRadiosu. (2023, June 21). General Information. Retrieved from https://www.azadliq.org/p/4321.html google scholar
  • Bratic, V. (2008). Examining peace-oriented media in areas of violent conflict. International Communication Gazette, 70(6), 487- 503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048508096397 google scholar
  • Braucher, B. (2020). From war to peace in Indonesia: Transforming media and society. Budka & B. Braucher (Eds), Theorising media and conflict (pp. 295-319). Berghahn Books. google scholar
  • Chadwick, B.A., Bahar, H.M., & Albrecht, S.L. (1984). Content analysis. B.A.Chadwick et.al. (Eds.), Social science research methods (pp. 239-257). Prentice -Hall google scholar
  • Cornell, E. S. (1999). The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (Report no. 46). Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University. https://is.muni.cz/el/fss/jaro2019/POL587/um/Cornell_The_Nagorno-Karabakh_ Conflict.pdf google scholar
  • Entman, M. R. (1993). Framing: towards clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x google scholar
  • Entman, M. R. (2007). Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of Communication, 57, 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167-191. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/422690 google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1986). On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace. T. Varis (Ed.), Peace and communication (pp. 249-66). Universidad para La Paz google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1998a). High road, low road—charting the road for peace journalism. South Africa: Centre for Conflict Resolution. google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1998b). After violence: Reconstruction, reconciliation, resolution: coping with visible and invisible effects of war and violence. Transcend. google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (2007). Introduction: peace by peaceful conflict transformation - The transcend approach. C. Webel & J. Galtung (Eds.), Handbook of peace and conflict studies (pp. 14-35). Routledge. google scholar
  • Gamaghelyan, P., & Rumyantsev, S. (2021). The road to the Second Karabakh War: The role of ethno-centric narratives in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Caucasus Survey, 9(3), 320-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761 199.2021.1932068 google scholar
  • Gilboa, E. (2009). Media and conflict resolution: Framework for analysis. Marquette Law Review, 93(1), 87-112. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol93/iss1/9 google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Golcevski, N., von Engelhardt, J., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2013). Facing the past: Media framing of war crimes in post-conflict Serbia. Media, War & Conflict, 6(2), 117-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635213479206 google scholar
  • Gurevitch, M., & Levy, M. R. (1986). Audience explanations of social issues. J. P. Robinson & M. R. Levy (Eds.), The main source: Learning from television news (pp. 159 - 175). Sage Publications. google scholar
  • Hertog, K. K., & Mcleod, M, D. (2001). A Multiperspectival approach to framing analysis: A field guide. D. S. Reese, O. H. Gandy & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 141-163). Lawrence Erlbaum A.P. google scholar
  • Ibrahimov, R., & Oztarsu, F. M. (2022) Causes of the Second Karabakh War: Analysis of the positions and the strength and weakness of Armenia and Azerbaijan, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 24(4), 595613, 10.1080/19448953.2022.2037862 google scholar
  • Iskandarov, K., & Gawliczek, P. (2021). Characteristic features of the second Karabakh war. Social Development and Security, 11(3), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.33445/sds.2021.11.3.3 google scholar
  • Krüger, H. (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A legal analysis. Springer google scholar
  • Lee, T, S., & Maslog, C, C. (2005). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts, Journal of Communication, 55(2), 311-329, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02674.x google scholar
  • Linderstrauss, G. (2015). Nagorno-Karabakh: The frozen conflict awakens. Strategic Assessment, 18(1), 97-108. Retrieved from https://www.inss.org.il/publication/nagorno-karabakh-the-frozen-conflict-awakens/ google scholar
  • Linström, M., & Marais, W. (2012). Qualitative news frame analysis: A methodology. Communitas, 17, 21-38. https://doi.org/10.38140/com.v17i0.991 google scholar
  • Manoff, R. K. (1998). Role plays: Potential media roles in conflict prevention and management. Track Two, 7(4), 11-15. Retrieved from https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC111752 google scholar
  • MeydanTV. (2023, June 21). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meydan_TV google scholar
  • Mooradian, M., & Druckman, D. (1999). Hurting stalemate or mediation? The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, 1990-95. Journal of Peace Research, 36(6), 709-727. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/424974 google scholar
  • Najafizadeh, M. (2013). Ethnic conflict and forced displacement; Narratives of Azeri IDP and refugee women from the Nagorno-Karabakh War. Journal of International Women Studies, 14(1), 161-183. Retrieved from https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol14/iss1/10/ google scholar
  • North, R.C., Holsti, O., Zaninovich, M.G., & Zinnes, D.A. (1963). Content analysis: A Handbook with applications for the study of international crisis. North Western University Press google scholar
  • Prasad, D, B. (2008). Content analysis: A method in social science research. D.K Lal Das & V. Bhaskaran (Eds.), Research methods for social work (pp. 173-193). Rawat. google scholar
  • Neumann, R., & Fahmy, S. (2012). Analyzing the spell of war: A war/peace framing analysis of the 2009 visual coverage of the Sri Lankan Civil War in western newswires. Mass Communication and Society, 15(2), 169-200, https://10.1080/15205436.2011.583192 google scholar
  • Saleem, N., & Hanan, A. M. (2014). Media and conflict resolution: Toward building a relationship model. Journal of Political Studies, 21(1), 179-198. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/1518254103? sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals google scholar
  • Schoemaker, E.. & Stremlau, N (2014). Media and conflict: An assessment of the evidence. progress in development studies, 14 (2), 181-195. https://10.1177/1464993413517790 google scholar
  • Souleimanov, E. (2013). Understanding ethnopolitical conflict: Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia was reconsidered. Palgrave-Macmillan. google scholar
  • Van Gorp, B. (2007). The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of Communication, 57, 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.x google scholar
  • Vreese, H. C., Peter, J., & Semetko, A. H. (2001). Framing politics at the launch of the Euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in the news. Political Communication, 18, 107-122. https://doi. org/10.1080/105846001750322934 google scholar
  • Wolfsfeld, G. (2018). The role of the media in violent conflicts in the digital age: Israeli and Palestinian leaders’ perceptions. Media, War & Conflict, 11(1), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635217727312 google scholar
  • Yavuz, M.H., & Huseynov, V. (2020). The Second Karabakh War: Russia vs. Türkiye? Middle East Policy, 27, 103118. https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12529 google scholar
  • Zeitcoff, T. (2017). How social media is changing conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(9), 1970-1991. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0022002717721392 google scholar

İkinci Dağlık Karabağ Savaşı sonrası dönemde medyanın rolü: Azerbaycan’daki AzadlıqRadiosu ve MeydanTV haber siteleri örnekleri

Year 2023, Issue: 65, 89 - 107, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779

Abstract

İkinci Dağlık Karabağ Savaşı ya da diğer adıyla ‘44 Gün Savaşı’ (27.09.2020- 10.11.2020 tarihleri arasında) sona erip ateşkes anlaşması imzalandığında, Dağlık Karabağ bölgesindeki Hankendi merkezli bölge hariç, Ermenistan işgali altındaki diğer bölgeler Azerbaycan’a geri verilmiştir. Hankendi merkezli bölgede ağırlıklı olarak Ermeniler yaşamaktadır ve uluslararası alanda Azerbaycan’ın bir parçası olarak tanınmaktadır. Ancak Artsak Cumhuriyeti isimli bir de-facto yapının kontrolü altındadır. Kafkasya bölgesinde barışın sağlanması ve özellikle iki ülke arasındaki ilişkiler açısından sorun çözülmüş olarak görülse de Ermenilerin yaşadığı bölgenin statüsü ve toplumlar arasındaki sosyal uyum hala sorunlu olmaya devam etmektedir. Temel neden, geçmişteki kötü deneyimler, çatışmalar, savaş ve trajik olaylar sonucunda iki ülke arasında oluşan güven eksikliğidir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma Azerbaycan medyasının bu çatışma sonrası durumu nasıl yansıttığını incelemektedir. Amaçlı örneklem aracılığıyla daha fazla takipçisi olan iki çevrimiçi popüler haber sitesi (MeydanTV ve Azadliqradiosu) seçilmiş ve çatışma sonrası bir yıllık dönemde (10.11.2020-10.11.2021 tarihleri arasında) yayınlanan haberler analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre her iki haber sitesinde de yeniden yapılandırma/negatif barış en fazla öne çıkan tema çerçevesi olurken, rehabilitasyon çerçevesi konuları farklılık göstermiştir. Bu anlamda AzadlıqRadiosu’nda her iki taraftan hikayelere yer verilirken, MeydanTV’de sadece Azerbaycan ile ilgili hikayeler bahsedilmiştir.

References

  • Aghayeva, J. K. (2018). Women and violence: Victims of Garabagh conflict. Elm ve Innovativ Texnologiyalar Jurnalı, 29-38. https://10.5782/2616-4418.3.2018.29. google scholar
  • AzadliqRadiosu. (2023, June 21). General Information. Retrieved from https://www.azadliq.org/p/4321.html google scholar
  • Bratic, V. (2008). Examining peace-oriented media in areas of violent conflict. International Communication Gazette, 70(6), 487- 503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048508096397 google scholar
  • Braucher, B. (2020). From war to peace in Indonesia: Transforming media and society. Budka & B. Braucher (Eds), Theorising media and conflict (pp. 295-319). Berghahn Books. google scholar
  • Chadwick, B.A., Bahar, H.M., & Albrecht, S.L. (1984). Content analysis. B.A.Chadwick et.al. (Eds.), Social science research methods (pp. 239-257). Prentice -Hall google scholar
  • Cornell, E. S. (1999). The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (Report no. 46). Department of East European Studies, Uppsala University. https://is.muni.cz/el/fss/jaro2019/POL587/um/Cornell_The_Nagorno-Karabakh_ Conflict.pdf google scholar
  • Entman, M. R. (1993). Framing: towards clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x google scholar
  • Entman, M. R. (2007). Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of Communication, 57, 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167-191. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/422690 google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1986). On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace. T. Varis (Ed.), Peace and communication (pp. 249-66). Universidad para La Paz google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1998a). High road, low road—charting the road for peace journalism. South Africa: Centre for Conflict Resolution. google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (1998b). After violence: Reconstruction, reconciliation, resolution: coping with visible and invisible effects of war and violence. Transcend. google scholar
  • Galtung, J. (2007). Introduction: peace by peaceful conflict transformation - The transcend approach. C. Webel & J. Galtung (Eds.), Handbook of peace and conflict studies (pp. 14-35). Routledge. google scholar
  • Gamaghelyan, P., & Rumyantsev, S. (2021). The road to the Second Karabakh War: The role of ethno-centric narratives in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Caucasus Survey, 9(3), 320-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761 199.2021.1932068 google scholar
  • Gilboa, E. (2009). Media and conflict resolution: Framework for analysis. Marquette Law Review, 93(1), 87-112. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol93/iss1/9 google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Golcevski, N., von Engelhardt, J., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2013). Facing the past: Media framing of war crimes in post-conflict Serbia. Media, War & Conflict, 6(2), 117-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635213479206 google scholar
  • Gurevitch, M., & Levy, M. R. (1986). Audience explanations of social issues. J. P. Robinson & M. R. Levy (Eds.), The main source: Learning from television news (pp. 159 - 175). Sage Publications. google scholar
  • Hertog, K. K., & Mcleod, M, D. (2001). A Multiperspectival approach to framing analysis: A field guide. D. S. Reese, O. H. Gandy & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 141-163). Lawrence Erlbaum A.P. google scholar
  • Ibrahimov, R., & Oztarsu, F. M. (2022) Causes of the Second Karabakh War: Analysis of the positions and the strength and weakness of Armenia and Azerbaijan, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 24(4), 595613, 10.1080/19448953.2022.2037862 google scholar
  • Iskandarov, K., & Gawliczek, P. (2021). Characteristic features of the second Karabakh war. Social Development and Security, 11(3), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.33445/sds.2021.11.3.3 google scholar
  • Krüger, H. (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A legal analysis. Springer google scholar
  • Lee, T, S., & Maslog, C, C. (2005). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts, Journal of Communication, 55(2), 311-329, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02674.x google scholar
  • Linderstrauss, G. (2015). Nagorno-Karabakh: The frozen conflict awakens. Strategic Assessment, 18(1), 97-108. Retrieved from https://www.inss.org.il/publication/nagorno-karabakh-the-frozen-conflict-awakens/ google scholar
  • Linström, M., & Marais, W. (2012). Qualitative news frame analysis: A methodology. Communitas, 17, 21-38. https://doi.org/10.38140/com.v17i0.991 google scholar
  • Manoff, R. K. (1998). Role plays: Potential media roles in conflict prevention and management. Track Two, 7(4), 11-15. Retrieved from https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC111752 google scholar
  • MeydanTV. (2023, June 21). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meydan_TV google scholar
  • Mooradian, M., & Druckman, D. (1999). Hurting stalemate or mediation? The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, 1990-95. Journal of Peace Research, 36(6), 709-727. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/424974 google scholar
  • Najafizadeh, M. (2013). Ethnic conflict and forced displacement; Narratives of Azeri IDP and refugee women from the Nagorno-Karabakh War. Journal of International Women Studies, 14(1), 161-183. Retrieved from https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol14/iss1/10/ google scholar
  • North, R.C., Holsti, O., Zaninovich, M.G., & Zinnes, D.A. (1963). Content analysis: A Handbook with applications for the study of international crisis. North Western University Press google scholar
  • Prasad, D, B. (2008). Content analysis: A method in social science research. D.K Lal Das & V. Bhaskaran (Eds.), Research methods for social work (pp. 173-193). Rawat. google scholar
  • Neumann, R., & Fahmy, S. (2012). Analyzing the spell of war: A war/peace framing analysis of the 2009 visual coverage of the Sri Lankan Civil War in western newswires. Mass Communication and Society, 15(2), 169-200, https://10.1080/15205436.2011.583192 google scholar
  • Saleem, N., & Hanan, A. M. (2014). Media and conflict resolution: Toward building a relationship model. Journal of Political Studies, 21(1), 179-198. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/1518254103? sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals google scholar
  • Schoemaker, E.. & Stremlau, N (2014). Media and conflict: An assessment of the evidence. progress in development studies, 14 (2), 181-195. https://10.1177/1464993413517790 google scholar
  • Souleimanov, E. (2013). Understanding ethnopolitical conflict: Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia was reconsidered. Palgrave-Macmillan. google scholar
  • Van Gorp, B. (2007). The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of Communication, 57, 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.x google scholar
  • Vreese, H. C., Peter, J., & Semetko, A. H. (2001). Framing politics at the launch of the Euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in the news. Political Communication, 18, 107-122. https://doi. org/10.1080/105846001750322934 google scholar
  • Wolfsfeld, G. (2018). The role of the media in violent conflicts in the digital age: Israeli and Palestinian leaders’ perceptions. Media, War & Conflict, 11(1), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635217727312 google scholar
  • Yavuz, M.H., & Huseynov, V. (2020). The Second Karabakh War: Russia vs. Türkiye? Middle East Policy, 27, 103118. https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12529 google scholar
  • Zeitcoff, T. (2017). How social media is changing conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(9), 1970-1991. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0022002717721392 google scholar
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ilgar Seyidov 0000-0001-8420-1413

Publication Date December 30, 2023
Submission Date August 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 65

Cite

APA Seyidov, I. (2023). The role of the media following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV news sites in Azerbaijan. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences(65), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779
AMA Seyidov I. The role of the media following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV news sites in Azerbaijan. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. December 2023;(65):89-107. doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779
Chicago Seyidov, Ilgar. “The Role of the Media Following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The Cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV News Sites in Azerbaijan”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 65 (December 2023): 89-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779.
EndNote Seyidov I (December 1, 2023) The role of the media following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV news sites in Azerbaijan. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 65 89–107.
IEEE I. Seyidov, “The role of the media following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV news sites in Azerbaijan”, Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 65, pp. 89–107, December 2023, doi: 10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779.
ISNAD Seyidov, Ilgar. “The Role of the Media Following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The Cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV News Sites in Azerbaijan”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 65 (December 2023), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779.
JAMA Seyidov I. The role of the media following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV news sites in Azerbaijan. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2023;:89–107.
MLA Seyidov, Ilgar. “The Role of the Media Following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The Cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV News Sites in Azerbaijan”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 65, 2023, pp. 89-107, doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1347779.
Vancouver Seyidov I. The role of the media following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: The cases of AzadliqRadiosu and MeydanTV news sites in Azerbaijan. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2023(65):89-107.